Chapter 3-The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

A system of the body composed of the lungs and respiratory passageways that collects oxygen from the external environmental and transports it to the blood stream

Answer 2

Respiratory system

Question 3

What is the main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

Answer 3

Cardio muscle is involuntary and cannot be consciously controlled

Question 4

Referred to as the pacemaker of the heart; responsible for rhythmic contraction of the myocardial cells

Answer 4

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 5

Structure of the heart that delays the contraction impulse before sending it to the ventricles

Answer 5

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 6

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Answer 6

Right atrium

Question 7

Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 7

Right ventricles

Question 8

Receives oxygenated blood from the lung

Answer 8

Left atrium

Question 9

Sends oxygenated blood to the body

Answer 9

Left ventricle

Question 10

Smaller, superiorly located chambers that gather blood returning to the heart

Answer 10

Atria

Question 11

Larger, inferiorly located chambers that pump blood out of the heart

Answer 11

Ventricles

Question 12

What separates the chambers of the heart and major arteries and veins & prevents backflow

Answer 12

Valves

Question 13

Amount of blood pumped with each contraction

Answer 13

Stroke volume

Question 14

The rate at which the heart beats

Answer 14

Heart rate (pulse)

Question 15

What is the average resting heart rate for an untrained adult

Answer 15

70-80 BPM

Question 16

Cells suspended in plasma containing glucose, hormones, and clotting agents

Answer 16

Blood

Question 17

What are 3 types of blood cells?

Answer 17

Red blood cells (oxygen), white blood cells (immune system), platelets (clotting)

Question 18

What are 3 functions of blood?

Answer 18

Transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products; regulate body temperature, pH, and cellular water content; protects against blood loss by clotting, and fights foreign and toxins

Question 19

Closed circuit of hollow tubes that transport blood to and from the heart

Answer 19

Blood vessels

Question 20

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Answer 20

Arteries (carries blood away from the heart), capillaries (exchange sites of water and chemicals in tissues), and veins (carries blood back to the heart)

Question 21

What is the resting heart rate of an average adult?

Answer 21

70-80 BPM

Question 22

The airway, lungs, and respiratory muscles that work together to move oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out

Answer 22

Respiratory (pulmonary) system

Question 23

What are the 2 phases of breathing?

Answer 23

Inspiration and Expiration

Question 24

Active contraction of muscles to increase thoracic cavity volume; thus, decreasing intrapulmonary pressure and drawing air into the lungs

Answer 24

Inspiratory ventilation

Question 25

Active or passive contraction of muscles, causing inspiratory muscles to relax and air to move out of the body

Answer 25

Expiratory ventilation

Question 26

What are the primary muscles used during light breathing?

Answer 26

Diaphragm, external intercostals

Question 27

What are the secondary respiratory muscles used for heavy breathing?

Answer 27

Scalenes, pectoralis minor

Question 28

Location where gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide travel in and out of the blood stream

Answer 28

Alveoli

Question 29

What is the typical resting oxygen consumption for healthy adults- aka 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)

Answer 29

3.5 mL per kg of bodyweight per minute

Question 30

The best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness: the highest rate of oxygen transportation and utilization during maximal effort exercise

Answer 30

Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max)

Question 31

What is a way to predict VO2max without expensive lab equipment?

Answer 31

Submaximal exercise tests, such as the Rockport walk test and step test

Question 32

What are the consequences to poor breathing patterns?

Answer 32

Headaches, increased anxiety, fatigue, poor sleep, poor circulation