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MYNASM > Chapter 5-Human Movement Science > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Human Movement Science Flashcards

1
Q

Positioned near the middle of the body

A

Medial

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2
Q

Positioned on the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

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3
Q

What is the position of the limbo-pelvic-hip complex during running movements?

A

A slight forward lean with neutral spine

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4
Q

The position with the body erect with the arms at the side and the palms forward

A

Anatomical position

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5
Q

Positioned above a point of reference

A

Superior

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6
Q

Positioned below a point of reference

A

Inferior

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7
Q

Positioned on the back of the body

A

Posterior

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8
Q

Positioned on the front of the body

A

Anterior

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9
Q

Positioned nearest the center of the body or point of reference

A

Proximal

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10
Q

Positioned farthest from the center of the body or point of reference

A

Distal

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11
Q

Positioned toward the outside of the body

A

Lateral

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12
Q

Positioned near the middle of the body

A

Medial

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13
Q

Positioned on the opposite side of the body

A

Contralateral

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14
Q

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into right and left halves

A

Sagittal plane

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15
Q

What movements can only occur side to side, as if there were a wall in front and behind the body?

A

Frontal plane movements

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16
Q

What movements occur in the transverse plane of motion?

A

Rotations

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17
Q

What movements primarily occur in the frontal plane of motion?

A

Abduction/adduction; lateral flexion; eversion/inversion

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18
Q

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

A

Flexion

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19
Q

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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20
Q

In which plane of motion do forward and backward movement, including flexion and extension, occur?

A

Sagittal

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21
Q

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

A

Transverse plane

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22
Q

What are four movements occurring in the transverse plane of motion?

A

Trunk rotation, throwing, golfing, swinging a bat

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23
Q

Movement in plane occurs about an axis running perpendicular to the plane

A

Joint motion

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24
Q

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

A

Extension

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25
Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body
Adduction
26
When a muscle is exerting more force than being placed on it, resulting in the shortening of the musclehttp://nasmu.nasm.org/pluginfile.php/637161/mod_resource/content/14/Chapter%205/index.html#
Concentric
27
Moving in the same direction of force, resulting in the lengthening of a muscle
Eccentric
28
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscle take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover
Synergist dominance
29
Which muscle concentrically accelerates dorsiflexion and inversion?
Anterior tibialis
30
Which muscle concentrically accelerated hip extension and external rotation?
Gluteus Maximus
31
Which muscle concentrically accelerates hip flexion, abductions, and internal rotation?
Tensor fascia latae
32
Which muscle concentrically accelerates spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation?
Rectus abdominus
33
Which muscle concentrically accelerates scapular retraction?
Middle trapezius
34
Which muscle eccentrically decelerates shoulder flexion abduction and external rotation?
Latissimus dorsi
35
In order, which muscle are the agonist, synergist, and antagonist during hip extension?
Gluteus maximus, hamstring, psoas
36
Which muscles are the synergist used in a shoulder press?
Deltoid, rotator cuff, trapezius
37
Which muscle concentrically accelerates knee extension and hip flexion?
Rectus femoris
38
Which 2 muscle eccentrically decelerate ankle dorsiflexion?
Soleus and gastrocnemius
39
Which muscle concentrically accelerates shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation?
Pectoralis major
40
Which contractile force is equal to the resistance and no movement occurs
Isometric
41
The resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that resting length
Length-tension relationships
42
If one component of the human movement system is dysfunctional, it can impact other components throughout the body leading to what?
Decreased performance and possible injury
43
The ability of muscles to produce force with increasing velocity
Force-velocity curve
44
As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force _______.
Decreases
45
As the velocity of an eccentric muscle action increases, its ability to develop force _______.
Increases
46
The synergist action of muscles to produce movement around a joint
Force-couple
47
The study that uses principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body
Biomechanics
48
What are the 3 systems of the kinetic chain?
Nervous, muscular, and skeletal system
49
What is comprised of bones, muscle, tendons, and ligaments?
Musculoskeletal system
50
What 3 things are necessary to establish neuromuscular efficiency?
Proper length-tension relationships; proper force-couples; proper arthrokinematics
51
A rigid bar that pivots about a stationary fulcrum
Lever
52
Bending the neck is an example of what type of lever?
1st class- fulcrum is between resistance and effort
53
Performing a calf raise is an example of what type of lever?
2nd class- resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort
54
Performing a biceps curl is an example of what type of lever?
3rd class- effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum
55
The study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the CNS uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences
Motor control
56
Repeated practice of motor control processes, which lead to a relatively permanent change in the ability to produce complex movements
Motor learning
57
The HMS response to internal and external environmental stimuli
Motor behavior
58
What type of lever are most limbs in the body?
3rd class
59
How motor skill changes over time
Motor development
60
Data the CNS receives from sensory receptors, such as the body's position in space, limb orientation, and information about the environment
Sensory information
61
Muscles recruited by the CNS to work as a group to accomplish a required movement
Muscle synergies
62
The cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements
Proprioception
63
The ability of the CNS to gather and interpret sensory information to execute the proper motor response
Sensorimotor integration

MYNASM (19 decks)

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