Chapter 16-Chronic Health Conditions and Physical Limitations

Question 1

What are 4 physiologic considerations for training youth?

Answer 1

VO2 peak similar to adults when adjusted for body weight; submaximal oxygen demand higher than adults; glycolytic enzymes lower than adults; sweating rate (decreased tolerance to temperature extremes)

Question 2

Which functions decrease with age?

Answer 2

Maximum attainable heart rate; cardiac output; muscle mass; balance; coordination; connective tissue elasticity; bone mineral density

Question 3

The condition of subcutaneous fat exceeding the amount of lean body mass

Answer 3

Obesity

Question 4

What are 3 comorbidities common in obese clients

Answer 4

Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes

Question 5

It is recommended that obese clients partake in this type of exercise to decrease orthopedic stress

Answer 5

Weight supported, such as cycling or swimming

Question 6

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrates usage and enhances usage of fat and protein

Answer 6

Diabetes

Question 7

What are 4 special considerations for training clients with diabetes?

Answer 7

Make sure client has appropriate footwear; have client keep a snack with them; use SMR with care and under supervision of physician; avoid excessive plyometric training and higher intensity training

Question 8

What are 6 special considerations for clients with hypertension?

Answer 8

Avoid heavy lifting and Valsalva maneuvers; don’t let clients overgrip equipment; modify tempo to avoid extended isometric and concentric muscle action; perform exercises in standing or seated position; allow client to stand up slowly; progress slowly

Question 9

What blood pressure reading defines hypertension?

Answer 9

Greater than 140/90

Question 10

Circuit and PHA resistance training systems with appropriate rest intervals are recommended for clients with this chronic condition

Answer 10

Coronary heart disease

Question 11

Condition in which there is a decrease in bone mass and density as well as an increase in space between bones resulting in porosity and fragility

Answer 11

Osteoporosis

Question 12

An inflammatory condition that affects the joints of the body

Answer 12

Arthritis

Question 13

What are some training considerations for clients with arthritis?

Answer 13

Avoid heavy lifting and high repetitions, and stay within pain-free ROM

Question 14

At what training volume can regular exercise within the OPT model have a positive affect on the immune system?q

Answer 14

Low to moderate intensity with moderate durations, 3 to 5 days per week

Question 15

Which exercise positions should be avoided after 12 weeks of pregnancy?

Answer 15

Supine and prone

Question 16

Which stage of cardiorespiratory training is contraindicated for pregnant clients?

Answer 16

Stage 3