Chapter 4-Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chief source of energy for all body functions and muscular exertion?

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

Law stating weight reduction can only take place when there is more energy being burned than is being consumed

A

Law of thermodynamics

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3
Q

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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4
Q

Primary end product after the digestion of carbohydrates

A

Glucose

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5
Q

The storage form of carbohydrates in muscle tissue and the liver

A

Glycogen

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6
Q

If unused, carbohydrates are stored in bodily fat cells and converted to what?

A

Fat

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7
Q

What is rarely used for energy during exercise and is a source of fuel during starvation?

A

Protein

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8
Q

Process during a negative energy balance that uses amino acids in energy production

A

Gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

Process by which a phosphate molecule is added to ADP to make ATP

A

Phosphorylation

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10
Q

By which 3 pathways can cells generate ATP?

A

ATP-PC, glycolysis, and oxidative

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11
Q

Simplest and fastest pathway to ATP using a phosphocreatine molecule, primarily used during high-intensity, short duration such as power lifting

A

ATP-PC System

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12
Q

Process that do not require the use of oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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13
Q

Processes of energy that require the use of oxygen

A

Aerobic

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14
Q

The anaerobic chemical breakdown of glucose for energy.

A

Glycolysis

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15
Q

What is the most efficient, but slowest and most complex pathway to energy where ATP is created in the presence of oxygen?

A

Oxidative Phosphorylation (aerobic glycolysis, Krebs, Electronic transport chain)

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16
Q

In which process is pyruvic acid converted into acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobic Glycolysis

17
Q

In which process is acetyl CoA is broken down producing 2 ATP, CO2, and hydrogen as byproducts?

A

Krebs Cycle

18
Q

During which process do hydrogen ions from the Krebs cycle combine with other ions for the phosphorylation
of ADP, creating 1 additional ATP?

A

Electronic transport chain

19
Q

Conversion of free fatty acids to acetyl CoA for use in the Krebs cycle

A

beta-oxidation

20
Q

What are 2 factors that determine energy use during exercise?

A

Intensity and duration

21
Q

Energy system used during the onset of activity and primarily maintained during the first 30 seconds of activity

A

ATP-PC

22
Q

Energy system without oxygen used primarily for the first 30 to 50 seconds of activity, dropping off around 3 minutes

A

Glycolysis

23
Q

Primary energy system for activities that last longer than several minutes

A

Aerobic metabolism

24
Q

The state where there is an elevation of the body’s metabolism after exercise

A

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

25
Q

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) when only carbohydrates are used as a fuel source?

A

1

26
Q

What is the respiratory question (RQ) when only fats are used as fuel, only occurs during sleep?

A

.7