Chapter 4-Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is the chief source of energy for all body functions and muscular exertion?
Carbohydrates
Law stating weight reduction can only take place when there is more energy being burned than is being consumed
Law of thermodynamics
Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Primary end product after the digestion of carbohydrates
Glucose
The storage form of carbohydrates in muscle tissue and the liver
Glycogen
If unused, carbohydrates are stored in bodily fat cells and converted to what?
Fat
What is rarely used for energy during exercise and is a source of fuel during starvation?
Protein
Process during a negative energy balance that uses amino acids in energy production
Gluconeogenesis
Process by which a phosphate molecule is added to ADP to make ATP
Phosphorylation
By which 3 pathways can cells generate ATP?
ATP-PC, glycolysis, and oxidative
Simplest and fastest pathway to ATP using a phosphocreatine molecule, primarily used during high-intensity, short duration such as power lifting
ATP-PC System
Process that do not require the use of oxygen
Anaerobic
Processes of energy that require the use of oxygen
Aerobic
The anaerobic chemical breakdown of glucose for energy.
Glycolysis
What is the most efficient, but slowest and most complex pathway to energy where ATP is created in the presence of oxygen?
Oxidative Phosphorylation (aerobic glycolysis, Krebs, Electronic transport chain)