Chapter 6 - Fats Flashcards
State the three elements which combine to form a fat molecule.
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
What are the functions of fat.
● Fat can be used to provide the body with energy.
● Act as an insulator to provide warmth for the body.
● Protects internal organs against shock and damage by cushioning them.
● Solvent for fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.
List three differences between saturated fat and unsaturated fat.
● Saturated fat consists only of single bond, while unsaturated fat has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
● Saturated fat is usually found in solid state at room temperature, while unsaturated fat is usually found in liquid state at room temperature.
● Saturated fat usually comes from animal sources, while unsaturated fat usually comes from plant sources.
State two good food sources of saturated fat.
- Butter
- Ghee
- Lard
- Deep-fried chicken skin
- Palm oil
- Coconut milk
State two good food sources of unsaturated fat.
● Monounsaturated fat: Olive oil / Sunflower oil / Soya bean oil / Nuts / Corn oil / Canola oil
● Polyunsaturated fat: Sardines / Tuna / Salmon / Liver of cod fish
State ways how the hypertension can be prevented.
● Replace herbs and spices during meal preparation to add flavor to the food
● Snack on fruits and vegetables which are low in sodium and high in dietary fibre and vitamins instead of potato chips which are high in salt
● Reduce the amount of salt added during meal preparation
● Choose soup over dry noodles as the chili paste added in noodles can be high in salt content
● Reduce the intake of processed nuts with salt coated on the surface
● Ask for less gravy when eating out
How are LDL (bad cholesterol), HDL (good cholesterol) related to heart disease?
Cholesterol and LDL can clog arteries, putting strain on the heart and causing it to wear out more quickly. HDL removes cholesterol from the blood for less clogging of the arteries.
- I am liquid at room temperature
- I have two or more double bonds
- I boost your good cholesterol level, which can reduce your risk of heart disease
- I am rich in omega-3 and omega-6
Polyunsaturated fat
- I am a liquid at room temperature
- I have one double bond
- I help to lower your cholesterol levels
- I am rich in Oleic acid
Monounsaturated fat
- I have more carbons than any other fat, that’s how I earned my name
- I come from animal products
- I raise LDL (the bad cholesterol) levels and should be limited in the diet
saturated fat
- I used to be an unsaturated fat, but then someone added hydrogens and made me saturated
- Now I am stiff and hard, unlike olive oil
- I am very harmful to the body and clog arteries
Trans Fat
What is the difference between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats?
Monounsaturated fats have one double bond, polyunsaturated fats have 2 or more double bonds. Both are liquid at room temperature.
Define what is Hypertension.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is higher than normal due to narrowing of the coronary arteries, causing the heart to work harder and the kidneys to be overloaded removing excess salt from the body.
How do we prevent Hypertension?
To prevent hypertension, we should moderate the intake of fat, salt in our diet.
Define what is Coronary Heart Disease.
Coronary heart disease occurs when the flow of blood in the coronary arteries is reduced or blocked.
These arteries can be blocked by narrowing due to the build-up of plaque (fatty deposits made up of ‘bad’ cholesterol). Plaque can even damage the arteries and cause blood clots.
