Chapter 1 - Energy from Food Flashcards
Define the term energy balance.
Energy balance is when the energy input is equal to the energy expenditure (output).
State two units of measurement for energy.
Kilocalories (kcal) and kilojoules (kJ).
1kcal = 4.2 kJ
Name the factors which affect the energy requirement of an individual.
● Age ● Gender ● Size ● Level of activity ● Occupation
Define anorexia nervosa.
It is characterised by self-starvation through extreme measures to achieve a dangerously low body weight.
List two symptoms of anorexia nervosa.
● Hair loss ● Dizziness / Fainting / Frequent headaches ● Feeling cold all the time ● Body weakness ● Loss of menstrual periods in females ● Dry and yellowish skin ● Constipation ● Abdominal pain ● Damage to kidneys and reproductive organs
Define bulimia nervosa.
It is characterised by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging.
List two symptoms of bulimia nervosa.
● Body weakness ● Damaged teeth and gums ● Bad breath ● Sores in the throat and mouth ● Swollen salivary glands in the mouth ● Kidney problems
Define the term cellular respiration.
A process by which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy in the cells.
State the different ways in which the body uses energy.
● Mechanical energy/movement/work etc.
● Chemical energy/for metabolic reactions/digestion
etc.
● Heat energy/maintain body temperature/to keep
warm etc.
● Electrical energy/transmission of nervous impulses etc.
● Basal metabolism/heartbeat/blood circulation/breathing
etc.
● Growth
Suggest two carbohydrate foods which could be eaten to give immediate energy.
● Sugar
● Chocolate
● Honey
● Energy drinks
Suggest two carbohydrate foods which could be eaten to give slow release energy.
● Rice ● Wholegrain cereals ● Couscous ● Noodles ● Oats ● Potatoes ● Lentils ● Breakfast cereals ● Unripe bananas;
Discuss the health risks of having an incorrect balance of energy.
● Excess energy will be stored stored as fat
● Leads to overweight / obesity; diabetes; CHD / heart
disease / stroke; hypertension; damage to joints /
arthritis; risk of complications during surgery /
pregnancy; varicose veins; hernia; loss of confidence
● Insufficient energy will leads to weight loss
● Becoming underweight; tired; headaches; muscle
waste; use up fat stores; loss of confidence; anorexia
nervosa; problems producing milk when lactating;
slows down recovery during / after illness;
State the amount of energy (with appropriate units) provided by 1g of carbohydrates and fats respectively.
Carbohydrates: 4kCal
Fats: 9kCal
Effects of cooking on energy values of food.
There are two main factors which can be change the energy value of food during cooking.
● Methods of cooking
Food which is deep fried absorbs a large amount of
fats, which causes its energy value to increase. Eg.
What is thermic effect of food.
Energy is required for digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.
