Chapter 4 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
Name the elements which form carbohydrates.
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
State two different facts and one example for disaccharides.
- It is known as double sugar as they are made up of two monosaccharide molecule joined together.
- They are white crystalline solid that is sweet and soluble in water.
Example : sucrose/lactose/maltose
State two different facts and one example for polysaccharides.
- Made up of many monosaccharides molecules that are linked together
- Not sweet nor soluble in water.
Example : glycogen, starch,cellulose, pectin
State ways how diabetes can be prevented.
● Opt for plain water to reduce the intake of sugar in
the diet
● Ask for less syrups to be added on the dessert
● Choose fruits over confectionary for snack
● Reduce the amount of sugar added during cooking or baking
● Choose yogurt over ice cream as yogurt is lower in sugar content
● Choose fresh fruit over canned or dried fruits as sugar may be added during processing
State ways how hypertension can be prevented.
● Replace herbs and spices during meal preparation to
add flavor to the food
● Snack on fruits and vegetables which are low in
sodium and high in dietary fibre and vitamins instead
of potato chips which are high in salt
● Reduce the amount of salt added during meal
preparation.
● Choose soup over dry noodles as the chili paste
added in noodles can be high in salt content
● Reduce the intake of processed nuts with salt coated
on the surface
● Ask for less gravy when eating out
Dietary fibre or also known as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are an essential for a well-balanced diet. Besides maintaining a healthy digestive system, state four other functions of NSP.
● Maintains healthy digestive system
● Lowers blood cholesterol level
● Regulates blood glucose level
● Provides high satiety value
State two functions of carbohydrates in the body.
● Primary energy provider for daily activities.
● Aids in digestion.of food.
State two different facts and one example for monosaccahrides.
- Simplest form of carbohydrates.
- Contains one sugar molecule.
Example : Glucose/Fructose/ Galactose
Discuss the consequences of consuming excess simple carbohydrates.
Excess carbohydrates will be converted to fat which acculates and causes weight gain and obesity. This increases risk of getting Type 2 diabetes and other diet-related diseases such as coronary heart diseases and hypertension.
May lead to tooth decay and gum diseases. Bacteria on teeth will react with the sugar on the teeth to form plague. This infects teeth as acids produced by the bacteria will cause teeth to corrode.
