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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 6-Disorders of Trauma/Stress > Flashcards

Chapter 6-Disorders of Trauma/Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Cannon’s Fight/Flight Response

A

stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
–>release Norepinephrine–>fight or flight
(Fast response)

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2
Q

Selve’s general adaptation syndrome

A

stress process of prolonged stressors

  1. Alarm phase: initial reaction to a stressor & initial mobilization of resources
  2. Resistance phase: resources are mobilized, levels of arousal/functioning are at highest level
  3. Exhaustion phase: Depletion of physiological resources & Decline in functioning
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3
Q

Transactional Model (Lazarus)

A

when demands from environment exceed social resources

Resources: social support, good active coping, finances, time, etc.

Greater the demands, more resources required
–>more resources one has the more demands they can handle

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4
Q

Acute Stress & illness

A

short term stressors-less of an effect on one’s health

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5
Q

Prolonged stress & illness

A

prolonged stressors-stronger effect on health & immune system

prolonged stress can be objective OR perceived

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6
Q

SAM system

A

Sympathetic AdrenoMedullary system

–>release of catecholamines (adrenaline)

Fast response

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7
Q

HPA system

A

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenocortical system

–>corticosteroids (cortisol)–>illness

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8
Q

Chronically elevated cortisol levels

A
  • compromise immune system
  • destruction of hippocampal neurons
  • increase in centripetal fat
  • ->”premature aging”
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9
Q

Acute PTSD

A

symptoms develop within 6 months of trauma

Prognosis: fairly good with treatment

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10
Q

Delayed PTSD

A

symptoms develop after 6 months from trauma

prognisis: poorer

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11
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A
  • hyperarousal & vigilance
  • flashbacks of event
  • difficulty concentrating
  • sleep problems
  • psychic numbing-dissociative states
  • irritability
  • intimacy problems
  • substance abuse (dual diagnosis)
  • avoidance of anything related to trauma
  • increased arousal-exaggerated startal response
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12
Q

3 clustered symptoms of PTSD

A
  1. Re-experiencing: recurring thoughts, memories, dreams, nightmares connected to events, severe flashbacks
  2. Avoidance: avoid activities that remind them of traumatic event
  3. Arousal: increased negative emotions and guilt
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13
Q

Health effects of PTSD

A
  • CHD
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • Musculaskeletal disorders
  • obesity
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14
Q

Combat PTSD

A

12-20% returning soldiers diagnosed

30% wounded diagnosed

many do not seek help, & delay leads to poorer outcomes

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15
Q

Variables to predict violence and PTSD (Hellmuth et al.)

A

numbing & hyperarousal–>TRAIT ANGER–>aggression

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16
Q

EMDR

A

eye movement desensitization rehabilitation

works via: exposure

*not proven to work

17
Q

Virtual reality Therapy

A

virtual exposure

–>operates via classical conditioning

18
Q

Treatment of PTSD

A
  • EMDR
  • CBT/Meds
  • Virtual Reality Therapy
  • Telehealth
19
Q

Acute Stress disorder

A

“a normal reaction to abnormal circumstances”

symptoms: same as PTSD EXCEPTS symptoms must begin within the first 4 weeks
* symptoms must last at least 1 day, but no more than 30 days

20
Q

Adjustment Disorder

A

most common stress related disorder amongst college students

Source: difficulty adjusting to one or more stressors–>reaction to stressor out of proportion to the actual stressor

prognosis: typically Good

21
Q

symptoms of adjustment disorder

A

Depression OR Anxiety OR Both

  • Adjustment disorder with _______
  • anxiety
  • depressed mood
  • disturbance of conduct
  • mixed anxiety & depressed mood
  • mixed disturbance of emotions & conduct
Social withdrawal
Decrease in performance
conduct disturbances
sleep problems
physical complaints
22
Q

Controversy of adjustment disorder

A

up to 30% receiving treatment receive this diagnosis

  • overdiagnosed
  • misdiagnosed
  • extremes in difficulties with coping
23
Q

Vulnerability to stress disorders

A
  • Biological/genetic factors
  • Personality
  • childhood experience
  • social support
  • severity
24
Q

biological/genetic factors for stress disorders

A

-cardiovascular reactivity: very strong cardiovascular response to stress & takes longer to return to baseline

25
Q

Orr et al Police & Firefighters

A

Measured reactivity prior to trauma

-those showing reactivity more likely to develop PTSD symptoms after trauma

26
Q

Personality predictors of stress disorders

A
  1. Neuroticism: chronically nervous, worry, unstable emotions
  2. Perceived lack of control over life (external LOC)
  3. Chronic negative affectivity: cynicism & hostility
27
Q

Background factors of stress disorders

A
  1. history of poverty, early trauma, abuse
  2. family history of psychological disorders
  3. history of divorce of parents prior to age 10
  4. History of family upheaval
28
Q

severity of trauma & stress disorders

A

very severe trauma can effect even those without vulnerability factors

29
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

memory loss without organic cause

30
Q

localized dissociative amnesia

A

*most common

does not remember events from a specific time interval–loss of block of time

31
Q

Generalized dissociative amnesia

A

*very rare

does not remember anything from past life after experiencing trauma

32
Q

selective dissociative amnesia

A

*2nd most common

fails to remember some details, but remembers others

33
Q

continuous dissociative amnesia

A

*also rare

cannot recall from a period of time, up to & including the present
*continue to not be able to make new memories

34
Q

systematized dissociative amnesia

A

-only certain types of memories are lost (relating to theme)

events forgotten often relate to stressful theme

35
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

in response to stress/trauma
*very rare

  • some travel away, may establish new identity
  • some do not remember who they are, where they are, etc.

most “wake up” and realized something happened, but remember nothing during fugue state

36
Q

depersonalization/derealization

A
  • most common dissociative disorder
  • chronic change in self-perception: view of self from “outside (dream-like experience

Onset: adolescence/early adulthood

-linked to early abuse/trauma

37
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

DSM:

  • at least 2 separate personalities
  • host & alters
  • more common in females
  • striking physiological changes noted among personalities
  • personalities typically switch under stress
  • history of trauma/abuse
  • prevalence: highest in US & Canada
38
Q

DID controversy

A
  • are symptoms therapist-led
  • are they related to cultural expectations
  • over or mis diagnosed

*majority believe it exists but it is being over or mis diagnosed

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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