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Abnormal Psychology > 2-Ch 5: Anxiety, OCD > Flashcards

2-Ch 5: Anxiety, OCD Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety

A

sometimes vague, always UNPLEASANT feeling of FEAR & APPREHENSION
-accompanied by physical symptoms

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2
Q

Fear vs Anxiety

A

Fear: more focused/specific

Anxiety: more diffused and generalized
Anxiety = fear + apprehension

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3
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Chronic, prolonged, “free-floating” anxiety & dread

-no specific stimulus, but can become attached to events/stimuli–>increases likelihood of an extreme response

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4
Q

GAD DSM requirements

A

Symptoms must be reported for at least 6 months

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5
Q

GAD symptoms

A
  1. Motor Tension (muscular tension)
  2. Autonomic Reactivity (arousal response)
  3. Apprehension about the future (worry)
  4. Hypervigilance (super aware of everything in the environment)
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6
Q

GAD prevalence

A

Most commonly diagnosed in medical settings

lifetime prevalence: 4-7%
Females 2x as likely

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7
Q

GAD Onset

A

most commonly before 30

-half diagnosed in childhood/adolescence

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8
Q

Panic Disorder

A

sudden intense arousal-symptoms may resemble heart attack

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9
Q

Panic disorder: cued or uncued

A

must experience some uncued episodes (not triggered by any specific stimulus)

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10
Q

Panic Disorder vs GAD

A

Panic Disorder:

  • onset more abrubt
  • onset typically later
  • more heredity evident
  • more alcoholism seen
  • higher rates for depression
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11
Q

PD co-occurance

A

often co-occurs with agoraphobia (up to half with PD also have agoraphobia)

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12
Q

Phobia

A

Irrational, unrealistic fear of an object, event, situation

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13
Q

Phobia onset

A

may begin with real trauma-conditioned to fear

-may also begin with GAD

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14
Q

Phobia & avoidance

A

when you avoid a feared stimulus–>negatively reinforces fear & avoidance behavior

Treatment: exposure to the feared

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15
Q

Animal Type phobia

A

Animals/Insects

e.g., spiders, snakes, dogs, cats, etc.

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16
Q

Natural Environment Type Phobia

A

Objects in the natural environment

e.g., storms, bodies of water, heights, etc.

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17
Q

Blood-Injection-Injury Type Phobia

A

cued by seeing blood/injury, injection, medical procedure

*may include fainting

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18
Q

Situational Type Phobia

A

Such as elevators, tunnels, bridges, flying, driving, enclosed spaces

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19
Q

Other Type Phobia

A

Cued by other stimuli

-fear of situations that could lead to choking, vomiting, illness

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20
Q

Social Phobias

A

Fear/embarrassment around others

Basis: fear of being observed/evaluated negatively

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21
Q

Most common social phobias

A

Public speaking

Meeting new people

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22
Q

Taijin Kyofusho

A

Japanese Social Anxiety Disorder

fear of offending/embarrassing other people

must have 1+ of the following:

  1. Fear of blushing
  2. fear of emitting odors/flatulence
  3. Fear of staring inappropriately
  4. Fear of making inappropriate facial expressions
  5. fear of having a physical deformity

*Anxiety same, source is different

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23
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Now has own category in DSM-5

  • fear of open spaces
  • fear of novel situations
  • fear of “the marketplace”
  • fear of losing control/being vulnerable in public
24
Q

Agoraphobia Onset

A

20s-40s

more common in females

25
Obsessions
Intrusive, unwanted, repeated thoughts
26
Compulsions
Repetitive acts/behaviors-performed to reduce anxiety
27
"Magical Thinking"
Thinking that defies logic patient believes performing compulsion will enable them to control outcomes in some way
28
Common forms of compulsions
1. counting 2. ordering/organizing 3. checking 4. touching 5. washing/cleaning *can be combos
29
Hoarding
Now has own category in DSM 5
30
Hoarding onset & prevalence
Onset: typically late adolescence/early adulthood Prevalence: equally male/female More common: - higher income - higher intellectual functioning Less common: - African American - Hispanic American - Asian American
31
OCD Spectrum disorders
covary with rates of OCD | -Co-morbid with OCD and/or run in OCD families
32
OCD spectrum disorder examples
Trichotillomania: compelled to pull hair out from body Motor Tics Tourrettes Eating Disorders
33
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive & related disorders *Preoccupation with a perceived defect in appearance* DSM-must cause significant distress/impairment of functioning * most often cite face & head - exaggerated/imagined flaws
34
BDD males vs females
Males: body build, genitals, hair, height Females: breasts, hips, thighs, weight
35
BDD prevalence & onset
5-15% Onset: early adolescence to early adulthood
36
BDD comorbidity
- 1/3 with BDD also have OCD - Social Anxiety - Avoidant Personality - Major depression/suicidality - substance abuse
37
BDD study: America vs Taiwan
Americans men express significant more body dissatisfaction than Taiwanese men
38
BDD study: Germany vs US
Germany: 5.3% symptoms of BDD US: 13% symptoms of BDD
39
Behavioral Treatment of Anxiety & OCD
Anxiety is learned from the environment Anxiety-->learned (conditioned) Avoidance-->negatively reinforces behaviors Anxiety-->can be extinguishes
40
Systematic Exposure Treatment
Step-by-step desensitization-gradual exposure to source of anxiety - establish fear hierarchy - train in relaxation - "walk through" the hierarchy using imagination -reciprocal inhibition
41
Reciprocal Inhibition
underlying principle of systematic exposure -2 incompatible responses cannot co-exist. they inhibit one another (anxiety & relaxation)
42
Flooding Treatment
Sudden, INTENSE exposure to the feared | *must remain in presence of the fear until anxiety subsides so not to negatively reinforce avoidance
43
Virtual Reality Exposure
- exposure to virtual stimuli | - works via classical conditioning
44
Exposure Response Prevention Therapy (ERP)
Primarily treatment for OCD -expose client to object of their obsession, AND prevent associated compulsive behavior
45
Modeling Treatment
Observe someone engage in the desired behavior Most effective: participant modeling-watch someone else, then eventually client also does desired behavior
46
Cognitive Treatment Anxiety & OCD
address thoughts associated with anxiety
47
Cognitive restructuring
learn to 'construct' situations differently
48
Thought-stopping
stop maladaptive thoughts
49
Cognitive Rehearsal
in anticipation of anxiety-provoking situation
50
Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT)
1. Acceptance: accept & NOT AVOID thoughts/feelings * Know that they are only thoughts/feelings 2. Mindfulness: Be present in the moment - increased awareness of what is current 3. Commitment: commit to pursue life values
51
ACT effectiveness
effective for mild-moderate anxiety problems As Effective as: CBT for OCD, social anxieties, GAD
52
Biological Treatment of anxiety & OCD
drug treatments
53
Anxiolytics
Anti-anxiety -enhance GABA (inhibitory) commonly used for: GAD, Panic Disorder, Phobias
54
Antidepressents
SSRI More common for: -OCD (decreases frequency of compulsive behaviors) -Panic Disorder -Agoraphobia
55
Comorbidity issues of Anxiety/OCD
- if have 1 anxiety disorder, increases risk for another - Anxiety disorders "run in families" - People with anxiety disorders more likely to be depressed, but not vice versa

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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