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Abnormal Psychology > 2-Ch 16: Personality Psychopathology > Flashcards

2-Ch 16: Personality Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

Characteristic way of responding to, perceiving, and thinking about one’s environment

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2
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Extremes of personality types-Rigid & Inflexible

-Resistant to change

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3
Q

Classification of Personality Disorders

A
  1. Many not diagnosed-don’t see behaviors as problematic
  2. Much co-morbidity of other diseases
    - Rigidity–>leaves them vulnerable to developing other disorders–>difficulties coping
  3. Listed under “diagnoses” with other categories
  4. Least Reliable of DSM diagnoses
    - trait or disorder?
    - symptoms often overlap with other Personality disorders
    - co-morbidity & confusion with other disorders
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4
Q

DSM-5 vs proposed future DSM

A
  • movement away from categorical to dimensional

- movement away from social deviance, more emphasis on dysfunction

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5
Q

Cluster A Personality Disorders

A

Odd/Eccentric Behaviors
Schizophrenigenic-more commonly seen among people who have 1st degree relatives with schizophrenia diagnosis

  • paranoid PD
  • Schizoid
  • Schizotypal
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6
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A
  • undue suspiciousness, hypersensitivity, expect to be exploited
  • appear cold & humorless
  • seldom seek help *least likely to seek help (untrustworthy)
  • prevalence: significantly higher in MALES
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7
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A
  • Social Withdrawal, reclusive, reserved, lack close/warm relationships
  • Don’t MIND lack of relationships
  • seeming detached from environment, lack humor
  • self absorbed/absent-minded
  • typically can remain functional
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8
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A
  • Odd behavior, thinking, speech
  • Highly Superstitious-bordering on delusions
  • Sx’s: similar to schizophrenia, but not as severe
  • lack social skills
  • shallow emotions
  • often suspicious of others
  • greater risk of developing schizophrenia
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9
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A

Emotional/Erratic Behaviors (lots of overlap)

*commonalities: seeking attention & unpredictability

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10
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A
  • Primary goal: ATTENTION (being in spotlight)
  • Very dramatic/emotive: may be vain/immature
  • KEY: stormy relationships, self-centered
  • superficial processing of information (not focused on what’s going on around them
  • May dress seductively
  • Prevalence: higher in FEMALES
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11
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A
  • Extreme sense of self-importance; deep need to feel superior
  • Expect & demand; constant special attention
  • Fragile self-esteem, if challenged–>angry & strike out
  • lack empathy & compassion
  • grandiose fantasies of self
  • Do not develop deep relationships b/c no reciprocity (self-absorbed)
  • need constant praise
  • Prevalence: higher in MALES
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12
Q

Jean Twenge narcissism argument

A

argues narcissism becoming more prevalent in studies of college students

-if it becomes a norm is it still a disorder?

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13
Q

Sarah Konrath study

A

decreasing empathy levels in college students

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14
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

A
  • Central feature: unstable, INTENSE relationships, emotional dysregulation
  • parasuicide: suicide attempts/self-harm
  • 2/3 are female
  • abandonment issues: hypervigilant to cues of perceived abandonment
  • “splitting”/thinking in extremes: black vs white (the best or the worst)
  • clingy dependency
  • impulsive behaviors e.g., promiscuity, reckless driving, substance abuse, binging/purging
  • frequently a history of abuse
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15
Q

BPD overlap with schizotypal

A

Bizarre behaviors

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16
Q

BPD overlap with antisocial

A

impulsive behaviors, acting out

17
Q

BPD overlap with narcissistic

A

self-focused & hypersensitivity

18
Q

BPD overlap with Histrionic

A

Dramatic, attention seeking, manipulative

19
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A
  • Central features: history of continuous/chronic conduct disorder
  • ego-centric, grandiose, superficial
  • lack remorse/empathy; callous, cold & calculating
  • see others as objects
  • impulsive, irresponsible
  • *more in MALES
  • common previous diagnosis of conduct disorder (before 18)
20
Q

Antisocal PD physiological differences

A

slower alpha waves–>lower arousal levels

21
Q

BAS (behavioral activation system)

A

APPROACH behaviors

-move the person TOWARD REWARDS

22
Q

BIS (Behavioral Inhibition System)

A

AVOIDANCE behaviors

-motivates person to AVOID punishment by inhibiting behavior

23
Q

Antisocial PD BAS vs BIS

A

Stronger BAS

Weaker BIS

24
Q

Primary psychopaths

A 
Greater callousness (little-no emotion)
e.g. Charles Manson
25
Q

Secondary psychopaths

A

Do show some emotions

BUT desire for reward EXCEEDS their anxiety

26
Q

Cluster C

A

Anxious/Fearful Behaviors

-similar to social phobia

27
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

AVOIDS social interactions

  • low self-esteem; fear negative evaluations
  • *KEY: Do desire social relationships BUT fear REJECTION
  • appear shy/withdrawn
  • scan environment for signs of rejection
  • tend to avoid new situations
  • prevalence: EQUAL male/female
28
Q

Social Phobia vs Avoidant PD

A

Social phobia:

  • prevalence: more in females
  • show stronger social communication skills (became phobic to do some experience later in life)

Avoidant PD-fear of social interactions from the beginning

29
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

persistent, consistent, rigid dependence on other people

  • defer to others for making decisions (difficulty making own decisions)
  • Attend to the needs of others-to the exclusion of their own needs
  • Fear of separation/aloneness
  • must always be in a relationship
  • Prevalence: clinically-more females, community-equally male/female
30
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A
  • rigid in behavior BUT lack obsessive thinking/ritualistic behaviors
  • *ISSUE OF CONTROL
  • lack warmth/tenderness in relationships
  • Morally inflexible: right/wrong, black/white
  • Extreme perfectionism; difficulty making decisions
  • rules/neatness very important
31
Q

DSM-5 proposed future edition changes

A
  1. Impairment in personality functioning rated 0-4
    - self identity & self direction
    - interpersonal empathy & intimacy
  2. Personality types vs personality traits (both dimensional)
    - Types
    - Trait domains

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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