Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 1-Past & Present > Flashcards

Chapter 1-Past & Present Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Generally, what is abnormal?

A

“Ab” = away from - the norm (social/statistical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The 3 D’s (+1)

A
  1. Deviance: most obvious, behavior deviates from norm
  2. Discomfort: least observable, psychological OR physiological discomfort for individual
  3. Dysfunctional: more observable, behavior does not allow them to live up to expectations & interferes with daily activities
    * 4. Dangerous: although they are most often VICTIMS, usually no more dangerous than others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Multicultural perspective

A

All behavior originates from & takes place within a cultural context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Culture

A

Ethnic, racial diversity,

& gender, disabilities, sexual orientations, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Internal representation of culture

A

Values, attitudes, world views

Ex: “lokahi” - one with others/environment around you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

External representation of culture

A

Customs, habits, traditions (actions)

“Lokahi” - feel welfare of others, help others, take care of land, don’t take more than you need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Collectivism

A

Identity part of culture/family/community, maintain health/well-being of group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Individualism

A

Value placed on personal achievement, independence, self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cultural universality

A

Traditional view

Behaviors/disorders assumed to be the same cross-culturally

–>that which deviates from the majority is abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cultural relativity

A

Each behavior is to be evaluated relative to ones own culture/values

–> only behaviors that deviate from that culture are abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cultural universality vs relativity

A

Reality likely in between

Some universalities, but also deviations based on cultural context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adaptation

A

Balance between what you do and what the environment requires of you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Maladaptation

A

Imbalance between what you do and what is expected of you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Maladaptive vs Deviant

A

All maladaptive behavior is deviant, but not all deviant behavior is maladaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Maladaptive vs Deviant

Andreasan study on creativity

A

Creative writers: 80% history of mood disorders

“Normal” controls: 30% history of mood disorders

*no difference in psychotic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Maladaptive vs Deviant

Kyaga study

A

Creative individuals have higher prevalence of mood disorders compared to less creative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stigma associated with abnormal (maladaptive) behavior

A

A set of negative & often unfair beliefs that a society/group have about something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative ATTITUDES based on group membership

-covert/internal prejudice: not explicitly stated, after diagnosis–> prejudice against self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Discrimination

A

Negative BEHAVIORS towards members of these groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

NMHA public survey about views on mental illness

A

Items most often chosen:

  1. Bring on own illness
  2. Due to sinful behavior
  3. Due to lack of will power/self-discipline

*belief of PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY leads to stigma against mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Systematic review: Angermeyer about stigma

A

Unpredictability & perceived dangerousness leads to stigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Effects of stigma

A
  • reluctant to seek help
  • hinders treatment
  • lack of social support
  • view self more negatively
  • often shunned by coworkers/family/friends
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Prehistoric societies views/treatment

A

Focus: “evil spirits”
Abnormal–>presence of these spirits

Treatment: Trephination-carving/drilling holes in skull to “let out” spirits

24
Q

Greeks/romans views/treatments

A

Still some focus on spiritual
&
Hippocrates: personality based on body fluids

FOCUS: physical/internal causes

25
Q

Hippocrates personality theory:

Choleric

A

(Yellow Bile)
Impatient, cynical, irritable, touchy, aggressive

Abnormal = some symptoms of Mania, Antisocial personality, reactive temperament

26
Q

Hippocrates personality theory:

Melancholic

A

(Black bile)

Moody, anxious, sad, pessimistic, serious, thoughtful

Abnormal = depression, anxiety disorders, neuroticism

27
Q

Hippocrates personality theory:

Sanguine

A

(blood)

Sociable, outgoing, playful, hopeful, carefree

Abnormal = some mania, some personality disorders

28
Q

Hippocrates personality theory:

Phlegmatic

A

(Mucous)

Passive, slow to warm up, controlled, reliable, even-tempered, organized

Abnormal = OCD, some personality disorders, rigidity, some eating disorders

29
Q

Middle Ages views/treatment

A

Focus: Devil was cause of abnormal/dysfunctional behavior

Treatment: forms of punishment to get rid of evil spirits (whipping/beating)

End of Middle Ages–> medical explanations re-emerged

30
Q

Renaissance views/treatment

A

Biological causes revisited

Johann Weyer: first physician to specialize in mental illness
-patients seen as ill, not evil

-Asylums: gentle and humane treatment, but didn’t have enough resources

31
Q

Johann Weyer

A

first physician to specialize in mental illness
-patients seen as ill, not evil

(Renaissance)

32
Q

Bedlam

A

Bethlehem hospital in London during Renaissance

-chaotic and tourist attraction

33
Q

19th century views/treatment

A

Reform & Moral Treatment
-more humane conditions, unchained, peaceful, restful

Eventual decline in moral treatment due to overcrowding and limited resources

34
Q

Philip Pinel

A

19th century

-provided more humane conditions, unchained patients, peaceful accommodations

35
Q

William Tuke

A

19th century England (Quaker)

York Retreat: Restful Setting, like the real world

36
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

19th century in US
Considered more humane treatment

-Restraining Chair: Meant to comfort/treat patient, and restrain disturbed patients

37
Q

Decline of moral treatment

A

End of 1800s

Overcrowding, limited resources
Care was custodial “warehousing”

38
Q

Somatogenic perspective

A

(Early 20th century)

Abnormal behavior has physical causes
Ex: syphilis & general paresis: forms of paralysis & delusional thinking

Treatment: many biological treatments (usually unsuccessful) like lobotomies, hydrotherapy, early ECT, etc

39
Q

Emil Kraeplin

A

Argued physical factors responsible for behavioral disturbances

40
Q

Psychogenic perspective

A

(Early 20th century)

Abnormal behavior can result in physical symptoms/problems

Treatments: hypnosis for hysterical disorders, psychoanalysis

*more care away from in-patient, to out-patient settings

41
Q

Biopsychosocial

A

Varying interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors that can influence disease

42
Q

1950s

A

Drug Revolution

Deinstitutionalization-many released from in patient settings
–>swinging door phenomenon

43
Q

Modern treatment options

A
  1. Outpatient psychotherapy
    - varying orientations
    - financial issues
  2. Community mental health centers
    - helped many but–>resources being lost
44
Q

Positive psychology

A

Focuses on what is right
-resilience, optimism, happiness

Positive traits: hard work, wisdom
Positive abilities: social skills, altruism, tolerance

Teach coping skills, encourage meaningful activities/relationships

45
Q

Prevention programs

A

In communities, schools, etc.

  • life skills trainings programs
  • correct social conditions that underlie psychological problems (poverty, violence)
46
Q

Mental Health Parity

A

Equal care for mental health

47
Q

Utilization review committees

A

NOT effective at predicting actual patient needs

48
Q

Multicultural perspective on treatment

A

Increase in and recognition of diversity

Minorities:
1. Seek treatment less
2 drop out of treatment sooner
3. Don’t improve as well in treatment

More effective:

  1. Sensitivity to cultural issues
  2. Incorporating cultural values in treatment
49
Q

Cultural Awareness

A

Awareness of one’s OWN culture

50
Q

Cultural Sensitivity

A

To be sensitive & respect (& appreciate) cultural differences

51
Q

Cultural Competence

A

Ability to work competently with people within their own cultural values

52
Q

Severe disturbance treatment

A
  • psychotropic meds
  • deinstitutionalization
  • outpatient care-community mental health approach (many do not make lasting recoveries)
53
Q

Less severe disturbances treatment

A
  • outpatient care
  • previously all private psychotherapy (expensive)
  • community mental health centers, crisis intervention, social service agencies
  • more centers devoted exclusively to one kind of problem (suicide, substance abuse, eating disorders, etc)
54
Q

Managed Care Program

A

Insurance companies determine key issues-which therapists they may choose, cost, number of sessions

  • shortens therapy
  • favors non lasting results
  • hard for severe disorders
  • lower reimbursements than physical disorders
55
Q

ACA

A

Mental health essential health benefit, must be provided by all insurers

-also must provide preventative mental health services at no cost

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions