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Abnormal Psychology > Ch 14&15-Psychotic disorders > Flashcards

Ch 14&15-Psychotic disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

The psychoses

A

A set of disorders involving alterations of perception, thought, consciousness

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2
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Presence or Addition of behaviors

hallucinations, delusions, strange speech, unusual motor behaviors

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3
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Absence of behavior

flat affect (little emotion), lack of motivation, social withdrawal

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4
Q

Acute Schizophrenia (Type I)

A
  • more sudden onset of sx’s

- more positive sx’s

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5
Q

Chronic schizophrenia (Type II)

A
  • More prolonged onset & prolonged history of withdrawal from functioning
  • more negative sx’s
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6
Q

Hallucinations

A

false perceptions

*auditory most common

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7
Q

Delusions

A

deeply entrenched false beliefs

Most common: persecution, thought-broadcasting, thought-insertion, delusions of reference

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8
Q

Loosening of association

A

topics shift quickly without meaning

-product of disordered thinking

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9
Q

odd speech

A

“word salad”
“clanging”
incomprehensible mix of words

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10
Q

inappropriate emotion

A

emotions inappropriate to the environment/to what is currently happening

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11
Q

Loss of ego boundaries

A

sense of merging with one’s environment/others

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12
Q

strange motor behaviors

A

hyperactivity OR hypoactivity

-purposeless motor activities

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13
Q

lack of motivation

A

everything seems to slow down

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14
Q

inappropriate social behavior

A

incapable of picking up on social cues

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15
Q

Catatonia cluster of schizophrenia

A
  • bizarre/unusual body movements
  • lack of movement (rigidity)
  • “waxy flexibility”
  • lots of NEGATIVE sx’s
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16
Q

Disorganized cluster of schizophrenia

A
  • Most bizarre & obvious sx’s
  • incoherent communications
  • inappropriate affect
  • no coherent themes to their delusions/hallucinations
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17
Q

Paranoid cluster of schizophrenia

A
  • all delusions/hallucinations related to persecution themes
  • more functional overall
  • delusions more coherent
  • sx’s respond better to current treatment
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18
Q

undifferentiated cluster of schizophrenia

A

sx’s are mixed & don’t fit into other categories

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19
Q

Prodromal Phase of schizophrenia

A
  • Period of progressive deterioration of behavior

- social withdrawal, decreased performance, change in personal grooming, increase in odd behaviors

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20
Q

Active phase of schizophrenia

A

Period of prominent intense symptoms

-Duration: typically at least 1 month

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21
Q

Residual phase of schizophrenia

A

continuing symptoms of disturbance, but less intense

22
Q

Neuroleptics

A

anti-psychotic drugs

-most widely used in US

23
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

IRREVERSIBLE movement disorder after using neuroleptics

24
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A
  • high fever
  • increase in white blood cells
  • kidney problems
  • liver problems
  • difficulty swallowing
25
Q

Psychodynamic therapy for schizo

A

not effective, may even worsen symptoms

26
Q

CBT for schizo

A

may be useful

27
Q

ACT for schizo

A

can be effective

  • does not reduce sx’s
  • ->decreases hospitalizations (better functionality)
28
Q

Behavioral therapy for schizo

A
  • social training in social skills

- behavior modification using operant conditioning/positive reinforcement

29
Q

Causes of positive sx’s

A
  • Respond better to meds that act on Dopamine

- (too much dopamine at synapse)

30
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

schizophrenia caused by excess of dopamine at synapse

  • related more to positive sx’s
  • more stongly effected by current meds
31
Q

Causes of negative sx’s

A
  • do not respond as well to meds
  • enlarged ventricles in the brain (cortical atrophy)
  • may represent a deterioration of brain tissue
32
Q

Culture & display of schizophrenia sx’s

A

Western: more depressive sx’s, thought broadcasting, thought insertion
-more COGNITIVE & AFFECTIVE sx’s

Non-western: more visual & auditory hallucinations telling them to do something

33
Q

culture & how sx’s interpreted in schizophrenia

A

schizophrenia diagnosed more often among Asians, Blacks, Hispanics

34
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A
  • overlap b/w schizophrenia & mood disorder
  • sx’s of schizo & depression/mania (mood disorder prominent)

*psychotic sx’s must be present even in absence of mood disorder
-better prognosis than schizophrenia
BUT worse than bipolar/depression

35
Q

Brief psychotic disorder (formerly nervous breakdown)

A
  • delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, prominent affective sx’s
  • sx’s must last at least 1 day, but less than 1 month
  • specifiers: with/without marked stressors
36
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A
  • bridge b/w brief psychotic disorder & schizophrenia

- sx’s: same as schizophrenia BUT sx’s last 1-6 months

37
Q

Delusional disorders

A
  • single striking delusion-could conceivably be true

- typically remain functional

38
Q

erotomania

A

delusion that one of higher status is in love or infatuated with you, or potentially could be

39
Q

grandiose delusional disorder

A

delusion of inflated worth/power

40
Q

jealous delusional disorder

A

delusion that one’s partner is unfaithful

41
Q

persecutory delusional disorder

A

delusion that one’s being persecuted or plotted against

42
Q

somatic delusional disorder

A

delusion about the body

ex: having body odor

43
Q

shared psychotic disorder

A

one or more people develop psychotic sx’s from their close association with a psychotic individual
“buying into someone else’s delsuions”
-ex: cults

44
Q

Causes of psychotic disorders

A

genetic links
dopamine hypothesis
enlarged ventricles
unusual family relations

45
Q

enlarged ventricles

A

evidence towards cortical atrophy

-more associated with negative sx’s

46
Q

MRI studies of psychotic disorders

A

decreased functioning in areas associated with attention, planning, and volition

47
Q

unusual family relations/communications

A

schizophrenic families: families with a member experiencing psychotic sx’s

-negativity, emotionally expressive, intrusive, fragmented communication styles

48
Q

diathesis stress model for psychotic disordes

A

vulnerability + major stressor–>onset of psychotic sx’s

49
Q

schizophrenic spectrum disorders

A

more likely to occur in families of individuals with schizophrenia:

  • schizotypal PD
  • schizoid PD
  • paranoid PD
  • schizophreniform disorder
  • delusional disorder
  • schizoaffective disorder
50
Q

Positive prognostic signs for schizophrenia

A
  • married/stable sexual/social
  • fewer negative sx’s
  • family history not schizo
  • presence of affective response in acute stage
  • onset later
  • higher SES
  • competence socially
  • no history of ECT

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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