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Abnormal Psychology > Ch 11-Eating disorders > Flashcards

Ch 11-Eating disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Anorexia

A

In control

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2
Q

Restrictive type anorexia

A

Restricts eating and/or over-exercise

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3
Q

Binging/purging type anorexia

A

-Person still significantly underweight

<85% of recommended healthy body weight

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4
Q

Previous DSM-4 specifiers

A

-Missed 3 consecutive menstrual cycles

–>”manorexia”

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5
Q

“Manorexia”

A

10-15% anorexics are male

Higher mortality rates

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6
Q

Characteristics of anorexia

A
  • perfectionism
  • depression
  • obsessed with food
  • lower self-esteem
  • distorted body image
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7
Q

Background of individuals with anorexia

A
  • enmeshed families (intrusive/invasive)
  • high expectations
  • middle or upper class
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8
Q

Ages of anorexia & prevalence

A

Peak ages: 14 & 18 years (bimodal)

Peak range: 15-19 yrs

*on increase in Japan, Europe, China

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9
Q

Treatment of anorexia

A

Main focus: weight gain!

CBT
Operant
Family Therapy

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10
Q

CBT for anorexia

A

frequently used

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11
Q

Operant techniques for anorexia

A

Positive & negative reinforcement to modify maladaptive behaviors

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12
Q

Maudsely Approach family therapy

A

engages entire family

  • encourages anorexic to re-feed
  • adjust family dynamics
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13
Q

Irony of recovery from anorexia

A
  • can increase health risks

- heart tissue becomes lost/weakened

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14
Q

Restrictive type comorbid disorders/characteristics

A

Introversion
Conformity
perfectionism
rigidity

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15
Q

Binging/Purging type comorbid disorders/characteristics

A

Extraversion
Histrionic PD
impulse control
substance use/abuse

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16
Q

Bulimia

A

Out of control

*may be normal or overweight

2000-5000 calories/binge

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17
Q

Compensatory behaviors for bulimia

A

Any behavior that compensates for food intake

ex. vomiting, laxatives, exercise

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18
Q

“Exercise bulimia/addiction”

A

Strong relationship with eating disorders

~70% also meet criteria for eating disorder

19
Q

DSM-5 criteria for bulimia

A

at least 1 episode/week for at least 3 months

20
Q

Evidence for impulse control problems

A

More evidence for problems with substance abuse, gambling, etc.

21
Q

Comorbid mental disorders for bulimia

A 
Mood disorders
GAD
Panic Disorder
Social Phobias
Substance use disorders
Borderline PD
22
Q

Central issue for ALL eating disorders

A

CONTROL

23
Q

Binge eating disorder

A

*New to DSM

  • Binges in eating without purging
  • NO compensatory behaviors
24
Q

Diagnostic criteria for Binge Eating Disorder

A
  • eat more rapidly
  • eat large amounts
  • secretive
  • may eat when not hungry
  • lack of control over eating
25
Q

severity rating of BED

A

Mild: 1-3 episodes/wk

Moderate: 4-7 episodes/wk

Severe: 8-13 episodes/wk

Extreme: 14+ episodes/wk

26
Q

Prevalence rates of BED

A

Females: 1.5x more likely than males

Clinical samples: majority white females

Community samples: Black & white females = equal rates

27
Q

Cultural differences in african american women for BED

A

less likely to be treated for eating disorder

more likely to be obese

express less concern about eating/body shape/weight

report less distress over body weight

28
Q

Comorbid Mental Disorders for BED

A

Major depression
OCD
Avoidant PD

29
Q

Emotional eating

A

eating in response to negative affect

*typically eat foods high in fat, sugar, calories (comfort foods)

30
Q

Schneider et al. study on emotional eating

A

Subjects induced into anxiety states showed higher preference for high calorie foods

31
Q

Obesity/Overweight changes over time in US

A

1975: 47%
2000: 61%
2003: 67%
2012: 69% (35% of which are obese)

32
Q

BMI

A

based on height & weight

<18 underweight
>25 overweight
>30 obese
>40 Morbid obesity

U shaped curve for mortality rates
*limitation distinguishing fat from muscle weight

33
Q

Irony in actual weight vs ideal body size

A

Body ideals in weight–>decreased over time

Actual body weights–>increased over time

34
Q

sociocultural factors in eating disorders

A

Social roles & cultural ideals push expectations on us –>discrepancies

35
Q

Cited reasons for body image concerns/dieting in adolescent girls

A
  • mass media
  • peer influences
  • criticism from family members
36
Q

Causes of eating disorders

A

MULTIFACTORIAL & MULTIDEMENSIONAL

37
Q

Biological causes of eating disorders

A

Subcallousal cingulate: affects moods & emotion regulation

Resistant anorexia w/ nothing else that works: Treatment w/ deep brain stimulation

38
Q

Genetic causes of eating disorders

A
  • Tend to run in families
  • families with comorbid disorders (OCD, other anxiety disorders)

Mutations in genes: increase likelihood of developing eating disorder by 90%

39
Q

Perseverative behaviors

A

behaviors that persist/continue even when reinforcement has stopped

-more likely to develop eating disorder

40
Q

Waller study eating disordered attitudes

A

Those scoring higher on disordered eating attitudes:

  • lower levels persistence (stopping once reaching goal)
  • higher levels perseveration (continuing even though they will never be satisfied/succeed)
41
Q

psychological causes of eating disorders

A
  • depression
  • impulse control
  • parenting received: emphasis on weight, appearance, enmeshed, lack of expression of negative affect
  • self-esteem issues
42
Q

Social causes of eating disorders

A
  • peer/family influences
  • sociocultural values
  • media influences
43
Q

Anne Becker fiji study

A

1995: intro to TV, NO disordered eating
1998: 11.3% began purging
2007: 45% reported purging

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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