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Abnormal Psychology > Ch 17-Childhood/Adolescence > Flashcards

Ch 17-Childhood/Adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

Child vs Adult clinical

A
  • children less verbal with thoughts/feelings
  • information gathered in other verbal/non-verbal ways
  • expectations of behaviors different
  • Must work with parents
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2
Q

Risk factors for childhood disorders

A
  • parent psychopathy
  • family discord/divorce
  • lower SES
  • child temperament issues
  • stressful experiences
  • early physical/health problems
  • prenatal/perinatal difficulties
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3
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A

developmental deficits that can impair a range of areas (social and/or academic functioning)

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4
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A
  • Impairment in social interactions/communication skills (range from mutism to echolalia)
  • difficulties with perception of sensory stimuli (hypo or hyperactivity)
  • 75% show some degree of intellectual disability (higher end of spectrum)
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5
Q

Autism spectrum prevalence

A 
1 in 88 children
recent increase:
-increased awareness?
-broadening of diagnostic criteria?
-increased parental age
-other environmental toxins/factors
-rates higher in males
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6
Q

Treatments of autism spectrum

A
  • often use operant conditioning

- Lovaas method, applied behavioral analysis, discrete trials training, early start denver model

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7
Q

Early start denver model

A

Autism spectrum

-works on improving several skills at once

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8
Q

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A
  • INATTENTION: fails to follow through on tasks, frequent shifts from topic to topic
  • HYPERACTIVITY: jumps around, cannot sit still, fidgets, talks excessively
  • IMPULSIVITY: acts out of turn, often interrupts, engages in risky/dangerous behaviors
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9
Q

Prevalence ADHD

A

more male children
11% of children

  • overdiagnosed?
  • misdiagnosed?
  • over medication?
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10
Q

Combined type ADHD

A
  • must have at least 6 sx’s associated with attention deficit,
  • 6 sx’s associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity
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11
Q

Predominately inattentive type ADHD

A
  • must have at least 6 sx’s associated with attention deficit
  • must have LESS than 6 sx’s associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity
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12
Q

Predominately Hyperactivity/Impulsivity type ADHD

A
  • must have 6 sx’s associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity

- & LESS than 6 sx’s associated with attention deficit

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13
Q

Diagnostic criteria of ADHD

A

DSM 4: sx’s must be present before age 7

DSM 5: sx’s must be present before age 12 & impairment must be seen in at least 2 settings & observed by 2 different sources

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14
Q

additional features of ADHD

A
  • often fail in school: lack of focus? problem in structure of school systems? Bias on part of school personnel?
  • may put child at risk for future antisocial behavior
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15
Q

Proposed causes for ADHD

A
  • metabolic dysfunction in brain areas associated with dopamine & norepinephrine (inadequate levels)
  • decreased activity in areas associated with attention & movement
  • lack of synchrony in DMN
  • difficulties at birth (hypoxia)
  • findings on diet mixed
  • families with Antisocial PD, alcoholism, depression, bipolar, anxiety disorders
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16
Q

Gabrieli study on Default Mode Network (DMN

A

adults who had not recovered from ADHD showed lack of synchrony in the functioning of the DMN

17
Q

Tic disorders

A

often comorbid with ADHD

Tics: involuntary, sudden, stereotyped motor movements

18
Q

Transient tic disorder

A

greater than 4 weeks

but less than 1 year

19
Q

Chronic tic disorder

A

greater than 1 year

20
Q

Tourettes disorder prevalence

A

1/2 who have tourettes also have ADHD but NOT vice versa

-more common in males

21
Q

Tourettes disorder

A

sx’s must begin before 18

  • motor & vocal tics
  • impulse control: smaller frontal brain volume–>less control of impusles
22
Q

Coprolalia

A

sudden uttering of obsenities

23
Q

Externalizing disorders

A

“acting out”

24
Q

conduct disorder

A

more serious than just pranks
-predictive of antisocial PD

  • rule breaking
  • behavior violates rights of people/animals
25
Q

conduct disorder prevalence

A

1-10% children

-more common in males

26
Q

gender differences of conduct disorder

A

Males: aggressive, confrontational behaviors

Females: more substance abuse, truancy, prostitution, running away

27
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A

not all ODD go onto CD, but almost all CD first had ODD

  • argumentative, irritable, defiantly negative, resentful, temper issues
  • no harm to others
28
Q

Oppositional defiant disorder prevalence

A

onset: usually before 8 years

before puberty: more males

after puberty” equally male & female

29
Q

risk factors for CD, ASPD, & ODD

A
  1. problems with hyperactivity & inattention
  2. parental rejection and/or abuse
  3. having delinquent friends
30
Q

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

A
  • irritability, temper issues, frequent tantrums
  • significantly exaggerated in intensity & duration
  • cannot be diagnosed b/f 6 years, and not after 18 years
  • sx/s more related to mood disorder/depression than ODD
31
Q

Internalizing disorders

A

“acting in”
more females

  1. separation anxiety disorder
  2. reactive attachment disorder
32
Q

fears & phobias

A
  • sx’s present for at least 6 months
  • exposure treatments used

sx’s: crying, tantrums, screaming

33
Q

Generalized Anxiety disorder

A
  • anticipatory anxiety
  • excessive worry
  • poor self-esteem
  • trouble with social relations
  • somatic problems/complaints
34
Q

OCD children

A

repetitive thoughts/rituals

  • washing, checking, ordering
    prognosis: not good, ~50% recover
    treatment: exposure & response prevention
35
Q

OCD differences in prevalence rates of adults & children

A

adults: equally male/female
child: higher rates in males

36
Q

separation anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety when separated from familiar people

sx’s: headaches, diarrhea, vomiting

  • must last at least 4 weeks in children
    (adults: show for at least 6 months)
37
Q

Separation anxiety prevalence by gender

A

preschool ages: equally male/female

pre-adolescence: more females

38
Q

Childhood depression gender differences

A

Males: irritability, hostility, social withdrawal, “acting out”

females: body image problems, loss of appetite, dissatisfaction with life, somatic sx’s, “acting in”

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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