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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6, Cardiovascular, page 183-187 > Flashcards

Chapter 6, Cardiovascular, page 183-187 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aneurysm

A

Ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall.

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2
Q

Angina

A

Angina pectoris

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3
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain, usually caused by a lowered oxygen or blood supply to the heart.

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4
Q

Aortic regurgitation or reflux

A

Backward flow or leakage of blood through a faulty aortic valve.

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5
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Narrowing of the aorta.

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6
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat.

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7
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries.

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8
Q

Arteritis

A

Inflammation of an artery of arteries.

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9
Q

Asystole

A

Cardiac arrest

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10
Q

Atheroma

A

A fatty deposit (plaque) in the wall of an artery,

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11
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries caused by the buildup of atheroma.

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12
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

An irregular, usually rapid, heartbeat caused by overstimulation of the AV node.

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13
Q

Atrioventricular block

A

Heart block; partial or complete blockage of the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles.

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14
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A

Bacterial inflammation of the inner lining to the heart,

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15
Q

Bradycardia

A

Heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute.

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16
Q

Bruit

A

Sound or murmur, especially an abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation, especially of the carotid artery.

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17
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Sudden stopping of the heart; also called asystole.

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18
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle.

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19
Q

Congenital heart disease

A

Heart disease (usually a type of malformation) that exists at birth.

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20
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood out during the cardiac cycle; collection of fluid in the lungs results.

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21
Q

Constriction

A

Compression or narrowing caused by contraction, as of a vessel.

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22
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Condition that reduces the flow of blood and nutrients through the arteries of the heart.

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23
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish or purplish coloration, as of the skin, caused by inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

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24
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Formation of a thrombus (clot) in a deep vein, such as a femoral vein,

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25
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Abnormal heart rhythm.

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26
Q

Embolus

A

Mass of foreign material blocking a vessel.

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27
Q

endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endocardium, especially an inflammation caused by a bacterial (for example, staphylococci) or fungal agent.

28
Q

Fibrillation

A

Random, chaotic, irregular heat rhythm.

29
Q

Flutter

A

Regular but very rapid heartbeat.

30
Q

Gallop

A

Triple sound of a heartbeat, usually indicative of serious heart disease.

31
Q

Heart block

A

Atrioventricular block; partial or complete blockage of the electrical impulses form the atrioventricular node to the ventricles.

32
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose condition of veins in the anal region.

33
Q

High blood pressure

A

Hypertension; chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90

34
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure; chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90

35
Q

Hypertensive heart disease

A

Heat disease caused, or worsened, by high blood pressure.

36
Q

Hypotension

A

Chronic condition wit blood pressure below normal.

37
Q

Infarct

A

Area of necrosis caused by a sudden drop in the supply of arterial of venous blood.

38
Q

Infarction

A

Sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood, often due to an embolus or thrombus.

39
Q

Intracardiac tumor

A

A tumor within one of the heat chambers.

40
Q

Ischemia

A

Localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction.

41
Q

Low blood pressure

A

Chronic condition wit blood pressure below normal; Hypotension.

42
Q

Mitral insufficiency or reflux

A

Backward flow of blood due to a damaged mitral valve.

43
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing at the opening of the mitral valve.

44
Q

Murmur

A

Soft heart humming sound heard between normal beats.

45
Q

Myocardial infraction

A

Sudden drop in the supply of blood to an area of the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in the coronary artery.

46
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium.

47
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of tissue of an organ or part due to irreversible damage; usually a result of oxygen deprivation.

48
Q

Occlusion

A

The closing of a blood vessel.

49
Q

Palpitations

A

Uncomfortable pulsations of the heart felt as a thumping in the chest.

50
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium.

51
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein.

52
Q

Pulmonary artery stenosis

A

Narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood form the heart to oxygenate.

53
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs.

54
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Spasm in the arteries of the fingers causing numbness or pain.

55
Q

Risk factor

A

Any of various factors considered to increase the probability that a disease will occur; for example, high blood pressure and making are considered risk factors for heart disease.

56
Q

Rub

A

Frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually indication a pericardial murmur.

57
Q

Septal defect

A

Congenital abnormality consisting of an opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles.

58
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing, particularly of blood vessels or of the cardiac valves.

59
Q

Tachycardia

A

Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.

60
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Set of four congenital heart abnormalities appearing together that cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation:ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, incorrect position of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

61
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein with a thrombus.

62
Q

Thrombosis

A

Presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel.

63
Q

Thrombotic occlusion

A

Narrowing caused by a thrombus.

64
Q

Thrombus

A

Stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood.

65
Q

Tricuspid stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve.

66
Q

Valvulitis

A

Inflammation of a heart valve.

67
Q

Varicose vein

A

Dilated, enlarged, or twisted vein, usually on the leg.

Medical Terminology (28 decks)

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