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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5, Musculoskeletal, pages 136–139 > Flashcards

Chapter 5, Musculoskeletal, pages 136–139 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ankylosis

A

Stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease.

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2
Q

Arthralgia

A

Severe joint pain.

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3
Q

Arthritis

A

Any of various conditions involving a joint inflammation.

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4
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting away of tissue, organs, and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply.

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5
Q

Bony necrosis

A

Death of portions of bone.

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6
Q

Bunion

A

An inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone.

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7
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa.

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8
Q

Calcar

A

Spur.

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9
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Pain and paresthesia in the hand due to repetitive motion injury of the median nerve.

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10
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Softening of cartilage.

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11
Q

Closed fracture

A

Fracture with no open skin wound.

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12
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Fracture of the lower end of the radius.

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13
Q

Communited fracture

A

Fracture with shattered bones.

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14
Q

Complex fracture

A

Fracture with part of the bone displaced.

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15
Q

Complicated fracture

A

Fracture involving excessive soft tissue injury.

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16
Q

Compound fracture

A

Fracture with an open skin wound; open fracture.

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17
Q

Compression fracture

A

Fracture of one or more vertebrae caused by compressing of the space between the vertebrae.

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18
Q

Contracture

A

Extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle.

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19
Q

Crepitation, crepitus

A

Noise made by rubbing together of bones.

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20
Q

Degenerative arthritis

A

Arthritis with erosion of the cartilage.

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21
Q

Dislocation

A

Movement of a joint out of its normal position as a result of an injury or sudden, strenuous movement.

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22
Q

Dystonia

A

Abnormal tone in tissues.

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23
Q

Epiphysitis

A

Inflammation of the epiphysis.

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24
Q

Exostosis

A

Abnormal bone growth capped with cartilage.

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25
Q

Flaccid

A

Without tone; relaxed.

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26
Q

Fracture

A

A break, especially in a bone.

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27
Q

Gouty arthritis, gout

A

Inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals.

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28
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Fracture with twisting or bending of the bone but no breaking; usually occurs in children.

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29
Q

Hairline fracture

A

Fracture with no bone separation or fragmentation.

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30
Q

Herniated disk

A

Protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the neural canal.

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31
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Abnormal increase as in muscle size.

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32
Q

Hypotonia

A

Abnormally reduced muscle tension.

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33
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Fracture in which a fragment from one part of the fracture is driven into the tissue of another part.

34
Q

Incomplete fracture

A

Fractured that does not go entirely through a bone.

35
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal posterior spine curvature.

36
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor of smooth muscle.

37
Q

Leiomyosacroma

A

Malignant tumor of smooth muscle.

38
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a sway back.

39
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and, later, other organs.

40
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle pain.

41
Q

Myeloma

A

Bone marrow tumor.

42
Q

Myodynia

A

Muscle pain.

43
Q

Myoma

A

Benign muscle tumor.

44
Q

Myositis

A

Inflammation of a muscle.

45
Q

Open fracture

A

Fracture with an open skin wound; compound fracture.

46
Q

Ostealgia

A

Bone pain.

47
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Arthritis with loss of cartilage.

48
Q

Osteodynia

A

Bone pain.

49
Q

Osteoma

A

Benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible.

50
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone.

51
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Degenerative thinning of bone.

52
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of bone.

53
Q

Pathological fracture

A

Fracture occurring at the site of already damaged bone.

54
Q

Phantom limb; phantom pain

A

Pain felt in a paralyzed or amputated limb.

55
Q

Physical therapy

A

Movement therapy to restore use of damaged areas of the body.

56
Q

Podagra

A

Pain in the big toe, often Associated with gout.

57
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue.

58
Q

Rickets

A

Disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency.

59
Q

Rigidity

A

Stiffness.

60
Q

Rigor

A

Stiffening.

61
Q

Sciatica

A

Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition.

62
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column.

63
Q

Sequestrum

A

Piece of dead tissue or bone separated from the surrounding area.

64
Q

Simple fracture

A

Fracture with no open skin wound.

65
Q

Spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction.

66
Q

Spastic

A

Tending to have spasms.

67
Q

Spina bifida

A

Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column.

68
Q

Spinal curvature

A

Abnormal curvature of the spine.

69
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Degenerative condition in which one vertebra misaligns with the one below it; slipped disk.

70
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Degenerative condition of the moving part of a vertebra.

71
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a joint without dislocation or fracture. (can involve ligament.) This is worse than a strain and often takes longer to heal then does a fracture and can be more painful

72
Q

Spur

A

Bony projections growing out of a bone; calcar.

73
Q

Strain

A

Injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse.

74
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces.

75
Q

Talipes calcaneus

A

Deformity of the heel resulting from weekend calf muscles.

76
Q

Talipes valgus

A

Foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot.

77
Q

Talipes varus

A

Foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot.

78
Q

Tendinitis, tendonitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon.

79
Q

Tetany

A

Painfully long muscle contraction.

80
Q

Tremor

A

Abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions.

81
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor in striated muscle.

Medical Terminology (28 decks)

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