Chapter 5, Musculoskeletal, pages 136–139 Flashcards
Ankylosis
Stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease.
Arthralgia
Severe joint pain.
Arthritis
Any of various conditions involving a joint inflammation.
Atrophy
Wasting away of tissue, organs, and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply.
Bony necrosis
Death of portions of bone.
Bunion
An inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone.
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa.
Calcar
Spur.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Pain and paresthesia in the hand due to repetitive motion injury of the median nerve.
Chondromalacia
Softening of cartilage.
Closed fracture
Fracture with no open skin wound.
Colles’ fracture
Fracture of the lower end of the radius.
Communited fracture
Fracture with shattered bones.
Complex fracture
Fracture with part of the bone displaced.
Complicated fracture
Fracture involving excessive soft tissue injury.
Compound fracture
Fracture with an open skin wound; open fracture.
Compression fracture
Fracture of one or more vertebrae caused by compressing of the space between the vertebrae.
Contracture
Extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle.
Crepitation, crepitus
Noise made by rubbing together of bones.
Degenerative arthritis
Arthritis with erosion of the cartilage.
Dislocation
Movement of a joint out of its normal position as a result of an injury or sudden, strenuous movement.
Dystonia
Abnormal tone in tissues.
Epiphysitis
Inflammation of the epiphysis.
Exostosis
Abnormal bone growth capped with cartilage.
Flaccid
Without tone; relaxed.
Fracture
A break, especially in a bone.
Gouty arthritis, gout
Inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals.
Greenstick fracture
Fracture with twisting or bending of the bone but no breaking; usually occurs in children.
Hairline fracture
Fracture with no bone separation or fragmentation.
Herniated disk
Protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the neural canal.
Hypertrophy
Abnormal increase as in muscle size.
Hypotonia
Abnormally reduced muscle tension.
Impacted fracture
Fracture in which a fragment from one part of the fracture is driven into the tissue of another part.
Incomplete fracture
Fractured that does not go entirely through a bone.
Kyphosis
Abnormal posterior spine curvature.
Leiomyoma
Benign tumor of smooth muscle.
Leiomyosacroma
Malignant tumor of smooth muscle.
Lordosis
Abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a sway back.
Muscular dystrophy
Progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and, later, other organs.
Myalgia
Muscle pain.
Myeloma
Bone marrow tumor.
Myodynia
Muscle pain.
Myoma
Benign muscle tumor.
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle.
Open fracture
Fracture with an open skin wound; compound fracture.
Ostealgia
Bone pain.
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis with loss of cartilage.
Osteodynia
Bone pain.
Osteoma
Benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible.
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone.
Osteoporosis
Degenerative thinning of bone.
Osteosarcoma
Malignant tumor of bone.
Pathological fracture
Fracture occurring at the site of already damaged bone.
Phantom limb; phantom pain
Pain felt in a paralyzed or amputated limb.
Physical therapy
Movement therapy to restore use of damaged areas of the body.
Podagra
Pain in the big toe, often Associated with gout.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue.
Rickets
Disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency.
Rigidity
Stiffness.
Rigor
Stiffening.
Sciatica
Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition.
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column.
Sequestrum
Piece of dead tissue or bone separated from the surrounding area.
Simple fracture
Fracture with no open skin wound.
Spasm
Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction.
Spastic
Tending to have spasms.
Spina bifida
Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column.
Spinal curvature
Abnormal curvature of the spine.
Spondylolisthesis
Degenerative condition in which one vertebra misaligns with the one below it; slipped disk.
Spondylolysis
Degenerative condition of the moving part of a vertebra.
Sprain
Injury to a joint without dislocation or fracture. (can involve ligament.) This is worse than a strain and often takes longer to heal then does a fracture and can be more painful
Spur
Bony projections growing out of a bone; calcar.
Strain
Injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse.
Subluxation
Partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces.
Talipes calcaneus
Deformity of the heel resulting from weekend calf muscles.
Talipes valgus
Foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot.
Talipes varus
Foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot.
Tendinitis, tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon.
Tetany
Painfully long muscle contraction.
Tremor
Abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Malignant tumor in striated muscle.
