Chapter 3, Body Structure Flashcards by Arianna Sosnowski

Abdominal Cavity

Body space between the abdominal walls, above the pelvis, and below the diaphragm.

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Blood system

Body system that includes blood and all its component parts.

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Cardiovascular system

Body system that includes the heart and blood vessels; circulatory system.

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Cell

Smallest unit of a living structure.

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Connective tissue

Fibrous substance that forms the body’s supportive framework.

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Cranial cavity

Space in the head that contains the brain.

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Diaphragm

Muscle that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

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Digestive system

Body system that includes all organs of digestion and waste excretion, from the mouth to the anus.

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Dorsal cavity

Main cavity on the backside of the body containing the cranial and spinal cavities.

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Endocrine system

Body system that includes glands which secrete hormones to regulate certain body functions.

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Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers or lines the body or its parts.

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Integumentary system

Body system that includes skin, hair, and nails.

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Lymphatic and immune system

Body system that includes the lymph, glands of the lymphatic system, lymphatic vessels, and the specific and nonspecific defense of the immune system.

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Muscle tissue

Tissue that is able to contract and relax.

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Musculoskeletal system

Body system that includes muscles, bones, and cartilage.

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Nervous system

Body system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and controls most body functions by sending and receiving messages.

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Nervous tissue

Specialized tissue that forms nerve cells and is capable of transmitting messages.

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Organ

Group of specialized tissue that performs a specific function.

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Pelvic cavity

Body space below the abdominal cavity that includes the reproductive organs.

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Reproductive system

Either the male or female body system that controls reproduction.

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Respiratory system

Body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing.

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Sensory system

Body system that includes the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems involved in the reactions of the five senses.

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Spinal cavity

Body space that contains the spinal cord.

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System

Any group of organs and ancillary parts that work together to perform a major body function.

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Thoracic cavity

Body space above the abdominal cavity that contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.

Tissue

Any group of cells that work together to perform a single function.

Urinary system

Body system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and helps maintain homeostasis is by removing fluids and dissolving waste.

Ventral cavity

Major cavity in the front of the body containing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

At or toward the front ( of the body).

Coronal plane

Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior position.

Cross-sectional plane

Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.

Deep

Away from the surface (of the body).

Distal

Away from the point of attachment from the trunk.

Dorsal

At or toward the back of the body.

Frontal plane

Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.

Inferior

Below another body structure.

Lateral

To the side.

Lateral plane

Imaginary line that divides the body perpendicularly to the medial plane.

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Quadrant on the lower left anterior side of the patient's body.

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Quadrant on the upper left anterior side of the patient's body.

Medial

At or near the middle (of the body).

Medial plane

Imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Midsagittal plane

Imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Posterior

At or toward the back side (of the body).

Prone

Lying on the stomach with the facedown.

Proximal

At or near the point of attachment to the trunk.

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Quadrants on the lower right anterior side of the patient's body.

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Quadrant on the upper right anterior side of the patient's body.

Sagittal plane

Imaginary line that divides the body into right and left portions.

Superficial

At or near the surface (of the body).

Superior

Above another body structure.

Supine

Lying on the spine facing upward.

Transverse plane

Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.

Ventral

At or toward the front (of the body).

Abdomin(o)

Abdomen

Acetabul(o)

Cup-shaped hip socket

Aden(o)

Gland

Adip(o)

Fat

Adren(o)

Adrenal glands

Alveol(o)

Air sac, alveolus

Angi(o)

Vessel

Aort(o)

Aorta

Appendic(o)

Appendix

Arteri(o)

Artery

Arteriol(o)

Arteriole

Arthr(o)

Joint; artiulation

Aur(i), auricul(o)

Ear

Blephar(o)

Eyelid

Brachi(o)

Arm

Bronch(o), bronchi

Bronchus

Bucc(o)

Cheek

Burs(o)

Bursa

Calcane(o)

Heel bone

Cardi(o)

Heart; esophageal opening of the stomach

Carp(o)

Wrist Bones

Celi(o)

Abdomen

Cerebr(o)

Cerebrum

Cervic(o)

Neck; cervix

Cephal(o)

Head

Cerebell(o)

Cerebellum

Cheil(o), chil(o)

Lip

Chir(o)

Hand

Chol(e), cholo

Bile

Chondri(o), chordr(o)

Cartilage

Col(o), colon(o)

Colon

Colp(o)

Vagina

Core(o)

Pupil

Cortic(o)

Cortex

Costi, costo

Rib

Crani(o)

Cranium

Cyst(i), cysto

Bladder; cyst

Cyt(o)

Cell

Dactyl(o)

Fingers, toes

Dent(i), dento

Tooth

Derm(o), derma, dermat(o)

Skin

Duoden(o)

Duodenum

Encephal(o)

Brain

Enter(o)

Intestines

Episi(o)

Vulva

Gastr(o)

Stomach

Gingiv(o)

Gum

Gloss(o)

Tongue

Gnath(o)

Jaw

Gonad(o)

Sex glands

Hem(a), hemat(o), hemo

Blood

Hepat(o), hepatic(o)

Liver

Hidr(o)

Sweat

Histi(o), histo

Tissue

Hyster(o)

Uterus, hysteria

Ile(o)

Ileum

Ili(o)

Ilium

Inguin(o)

Groin

Irid(o)

Iris

Ischi(o)

Ischium

Kary(o)

Nucleus

Kerat(o)

Cornea

Labi(o)

Lip

Lamin(o)

Lamina

Lapar(o)

Abdominal wall

Laryng(o)

Larynx

Linguo

Tongue

Lip(o)

Fat

Lymph(o)

Lymph

Mast(o)

Breast

Maxill(o)

Maxilla

Medull(o)

Medulla

Mening(o)

Meninges

Muco

Mucus

My(o)

Muscle

Myel(o)

Spinal cord; bone marrow

Nephr(o)

Kidney

Neur, neuro

Nerve

oculo

Eye

Odont(o)

Tooth

Onych(o)

Nail

Egg

Oophor(o)

Ovary

Ophthalm(o)

Eye

Opto, optico

Eye; sight

Or(o)

Mouth

Orchi(o), orchid(o)

Testis

Osseo, ossi

Bone

Ost(e), osteo

Bone

Ot(o)

Eat

Ovari(o)

Ovary

Ovi, ovo

Egg; ova

Ped(o), pedi

Foot; child

Pelvi(o), pelvo

Pelvic bone; hip

Pharyng(o)

Pharynx

Phleb(o)

Vein

Phren(o), phreni, phrenico

Diaphragm; mind

Pil(o)

Hair

Plasma, plasmo, plasmat(o)

Plasma

Pleur(o), pleura

Rib; side; pleura

Pneum(a), pneumat(o) pneum(o), pneumon(o)

Lungs; air; breathing

Pod(o)

Foot

Proct(o)

Anus

Psych(o), psyche

Mind

Pulmon(o)

Lung

Pyel

Renal pelvis

Rachi(o)

Spine

Rect(o)

Rectum

Reni, reno

Kidney

Rhin(o)

Nose

Sacr(o)

Sacrum

Sarco

Fleshy tissue; muscle

Scler(o)

Sclera

Sial(o)

Salivary glands; saliva

Sigmond(o)

Sigmoid colon

Somat(o)

Body

Sperma, spermato, spermo

Semen; spermatozoa

Splanchn(o), splanchni

Viscera

Splen(o)

Spleen

Spondyl(o)

Vertebra

Stern(o)

Stermum

Steth(o)

Chest

Stom(a), stomat(o)

Mouth

Ten(o), tendin(o), tendo, tenon(o)

Tendon

Test(o)

Testis

Thorac(o), toracico

Thorax, chest

Thym(o)

Thymus gland

Thyr(o)

Thyroid gland

Trache(o)

Trachea

Trachel(o)

Neck

Trich(o), trichi

Hair

Varico

Varicosity

Vas(o)

Blood vessel, duct

Vasculo

Blood vessel

Veni, veno

Vein

Ventricul(o)

Ventricle