Chapter 3, Body Structure Flashcards
Abdominal Cavity
Body space between the abdominal walls, above the pelvis, and below the diaphragm.
Blood system
Body system that includes blood and all its component parts.
Cardiovascular system
Body system that includes the heart and blood vessels; circulatory system.
Cell
Smallest unit of a living structure.
Connective tissue
Fibrous substance that forms the body’s supportive framework.
Cranial cavity
Space in the head that contains the brain.
Diaphragm
Muscle that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
Digestive system
Body system that includes all organs of digestion and waste excretion, from the mouth to the anus.
Dorsal cavity
Main cavity on the backside of the body containing the cranial and spinal cavities.
Endocrine system
Body system that includes glands which secrete hormones to regulate certain body functions.
Epithelial tissue
Tissue that covers or lines the body or its parts.
Integumentary system
Body system that includes skin, hair, and nails.
Lymphatic and immune system
Body system that includes the lymph, glands of the lymphatic system, lymphatic vessels, and the specific and nonspecific defense of the immune system.
Muscle tissue
Tissue that is able to contract and relax.
Musculoskeletal system
Body system that includes muscles, bones, and cartilage.
Nervous system
Body system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and controls most body functions by sending and receiving messages.
Nervous tissue
Specialized tissue that forms nerve cells and is capable of transmitting messages.
Organ
Group of specialized tissue that performs a specific function.
Pelvic cavity
Body space below the abdominal cavity that includes the reproductive organs.
Reproductive system
Either the male or female body system that controls reproduction.
Respiratory system
Body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing.
Sensory system
Body system that includes the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems involved in the reactions of the five senses.
Spinal cavity
Body space that contains the spinal cord.
System
Any group of organs and ancillary parts that work together to perform a major body function.
Thoracic cavity
Body space above the abdominal cavity that contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
Tissue
Any group of cells that work together to perform a single function.
Urinary system
Body system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and helps maintain homeostasis is by removing fluids and dissolving waste.
Ventral cavity
Major cavity in the front of the body containing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
Anterior
At or toward the front ( of the body).
Coronal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior position.
Cross-sectional plane
Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.
Deep
Away from the surface (of the body).
Distal
Away from the point of attachment from the trunk.
Dorsal
At or toward the back of the body.
Frontal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.
Inferior
Below another body structure.
Lateral
To the side.
Lateral plane
Imaginary line that divides the body perpendicularly to the medial plane.
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Quadrant on the lower left anterior side of the patient’s body.
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Quadrant on the upper left anterior side of the patient’s body.
Medial
At or near the middle (of the body).
Medial plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.
Midsagittal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.
Posterior
At or toward the back side (of the body).
Prone
Lying on the stomach with the facedown.
Proximal
At or near the point of attachment to the trunk.
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Quadrants on the lower right anterior side of the patient’s body.
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Quadrant on the upper right anterior side of the patient’s body.
Sagittal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into right and left portions.
Superficial
At or near the surface (of the body).
Superior
Above another body structure.
Supine
Lying on the spine facing upward.
Transverse plane
Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.
Ventral
At or toward the front (of the body).
Abdomin(o)
Abdomen
Acetabul(o)
Cup-shaped hip socket
Aden(o)
Gland
Adip(o)
Fat
Adren(o)
Adrenal glands
Alveol(o)
Air sac, alveolus
Angi(o)
Vessel
Aort(o)
Aorta
Appendic(o)
Appendix
Arteri(o)
Artery
Arteriol(o)
Arteriole
Arthr(o)
Joint; artiulation
Aur(i), auricul(o)
Ear
Blephar(o)
Eyelid
Brachi(o)
Arm
Bronch(o), bronchi
Bronchus
Bucc(o)
Cheek
Burs(o)
Bursa
Calcane(o)
Heel bone
Cardi(o)
Heart; esophageal opening of the stomach
Carp(o)
Wrist Bones
Celi(o)
Abdomen
Cerebr(o)
Cerebrum
Cervic(o)
Neck; cervix
Cephal(o)
Head
Cerebell(o)
Cerebellum
Cheil(o), chil(o)
Lip
Chir(o)
Hand
Chol(e), cholo
Bile
Chondri(o), chordr(o)
Cartilage
Col(o), colon(o)
Colon
Colp(o)
Vagina
Core(o)
Pupil
Cortic(o)
Cortex
Costi, costo
Rib
Crani(o)
Cranium
Cyst(i), cysto
Bladder; cyst
Cyt(o)
Cell
Dactyl(o)
Fingers, toes
Dent(i), dento
Tooth
Derm(o), derma, dermat(o)
Skin
Duoden(o)
Duodenum
Encephal(o)
Brain
Enter(o)
Intestines
Episi(o)
Vulva
Gastr(o)
Stomach
Gingiv(o)
Gum
Gloss(o)
Tongue
Gnath(o)
Jaw
Gonad(o)
Sex glands
Hem(a), hemat(o), hemo
Blood
Hepat(o), hepatic(o)
Liver
Hidr(o)
Sweat
Histi(o), histo
Tissue
Hyster(o)
Uterus, hysteria
Ile(o)
Ileum
Ili(o)
Ilium
Inguin(o)
Groin
Irid(o)
Iris
Ischi(o)
Ischium
Kary(o)
Nucleus
Kerat(o)
Cornea
Labi(o)
Lip
Lamin(o)
Lamina
Lapar(o)
Abdominal wall
Laryng(o)
Larynx
Linguo
Tongue
Lip(o)
Fat
Lymph(o)
Lymph
Mast(o)
Breast
Maxill(o)
Maxilla
Medull(o)
Medulla
Mening(o)
Meninges
Muco
Mucus
My(o)
Muscle
Myel(o)
Spinal cord; bone marrow
Nephr(o)
Kidney
Neur, neuro
Nerve
oculo
Eye
Odont(o)
Tooth
Onych(o)
Nail
Oo
Egg
Oophor(o)
Ovary
Ophthalm(o)
Eye
Opto, optico
Eye; sight
Or(o)
Mouth
Orchi(o), orchid(o)
Testis
Osseo, ossi
Bone
Ost(e), osteo
Bone
Ot(o)
Eat
Ovari(o)
Ovary
Ovi, ovo
Egg; ova
Ped(o), pedi
Foot; child
Pelvi(o), pelvo
Pelvic bone; hip
Pharyng(o)
Pharynx
Phleb(o)
Vein
Phren(o), phreni, phrenico
Diaphragm; mind
Pil(o)
Hair
Plasma, plasmo, plasmat(o)
Plasma
Pleur(o), pleura
Rib; side; pleura
Pneum(a), pneumat(o) pneum(o), pneumon(o)
Lungs; air; breathing
Pod(o)
Foot
Proct(o)
Anus
Psych(o), psyche
Mind
Pulmon(o)
Lung
Pyel
Renal pelvis
Rachi(o)
Spine
Rect(o)
Rectum
Reni, reno
Kidney
Rhin(o)
Nose
Sacr(o)
Sacrum
Sarco
Fleshy tissue; muscle
Scler(o)
Sclera
Sial(o)
Salivary glands; saliva
Sigmond(o)
Sigmoid colon
Somat(o)
Body
Sperma, spermato, spermo
Semen; spermatozoa
Splanchn(o), splanchni
Viscera
Splen(o)
Spleen
Spondyl(o)
Vertebra
Stern(o)
Stermum
Steth(o)
Chest
Stom(a), stomat(o)
Mouth
Ten(o), tendin(o), tendo, tenon(o)
Tendon
Test(o)
Testis
Thorac(o), toracico
Thorax, chest
Thym(o)
Thymus gland
Thyr(o)
Thyroid gland
Trache(o)
Trachea
Trachel(o)
Neck
Trich(o), trichi
Hair
Varico
Varicosity
Vas(o)
Blood vessel, duct
Vasculo
Blood vessel
Veni, veno
Vein
Ventricul(o)
Ventricle
