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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5, Musculoskeletal, pages 115-120 > Flashcards

Chapter 5, Musculoskeletal, pages 115-120 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acetabulum

A

Cup-shaped depression in the hipbone into which the top of the femur fits.

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2
Q

Acromion

A

Part of the scapula that connects to the clavicle.

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3
Q

Ankle

A

Hinged area between the lower leg bones and the bones of the foot.

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4
Q

Articular Cartlidge

A

Cartlidge at a joint.

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5
Q

Articulation

A

Point at which to bones join together to allow movement.

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6
Q

Atlas

A

First cervical vertebra.

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7
Q

Axis

A

Second cervical vertebra.

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8
Q

Bone

A

Hard connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body.

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9
Q

Bone head

A

Upper, rounded end of a bone.

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10
Q

Bone phagocyte

A

Bone cell that ingests dead bone and bone debris.

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11
Q

Bursa

A

Sack lined with a synovial membrane that fills the spaces between tendons and joints.

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12
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone.

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13
Q

Calcium

A

Mineral important in the formation of bone.

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14
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Striated involuntary muscle of the heart.

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15
Q

Carpus, carpal bone

A

Wrist; wrist bone.

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16
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton, and the lining of various parts of the body.

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17
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

Seven vertebrae of the spinal column located in the neck.

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18
Q

Clavicle

A

Curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collarbone.

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19
Q

Coccyx

A

Small bone consisting of four fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column; tailbone.

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20
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard bone with a tightly woven structure.

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21
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded surface at the end of a bone.

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22
Q

Crest

A

Bony ridge.

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23
Q

Diaphysis

A

Long middle section of a long bone; shaft.

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24
Q

Disk

A

Thick, circular mass of cartilage between the vertebrae of the spinal column. Cartilaginous disk

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25
Q

Dorsal vertebrae

A

Thoracic vertebrae.

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26
Q

Elbow

A

Joint between the upper arm and the forearm.

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27
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining of the medullary cavity.

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28
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Cartilage tissues that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcify and disappears when growth stops.

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29
Q

Fascia (pl., fasciae)

A

Sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscles.

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30
Q

Femur

A

Long bone of the thigh.

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31
Q

Fibula

A

Smallest long bone of the lower leg.

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32
Q

Fissure

A

Deep furrow or slit.

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33
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin, flattened bones that cover certain areas, as of the skull.

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34
Q

Fontanelle

A

Soft, membranous section on top of an infant ‘s skull.

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35
Q

Foramen

A

Opening or perforation through a bone.

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36
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

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37
Q

Fossa

A

Depression, as in a bone.

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38
Q

Frontal bone

A

Large bone of the skull that forms the top of the head and forehead.

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39
Q

Frontal sinuses

A

Sinuses above the eyes.

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40
Q

Heel

A

Back, rounded portion of the foot.

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41
Q

Humerus

A

Long bone of the arm connecting to the scapula on top and the radius and ulna at the bottom.

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42
Q

Ilium

A

Wide portion of the hip bone.

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43
Q

Insertion

A

Point at which a muscle attaches to a movable bone.

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44
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

Muscle not movable at will.

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45
Q

Irregular bones

A

Any of a group of bones with a special shape to fit into certain areas of the skeleton, such as the skull.

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46
Q

Joint

A

Place of joining between two or more bones.

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47
Q

Lacrimal bone

A

Thin, flat bone of the face.

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48
Q

Ligament

A

Sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bone; attaches bone to bone.

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49
Q

Long bone

A

Any bone of the extremities with a shaft.

50
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Five vertebrae of the lower back.

51
Q

Mandible

A

U-shaped bone of the lower jaw.

52
Q

Mandibular bone

A

Mandible

53
Q

Marrow

A

Connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients.

54
Q

Mastoid process

A

Protrusion of the temporal bone that sits behind the ear.

55
Q

Maxillary bone

A

Bone of the upper jaw.

56
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

Sinus on either side of the nasal cavity below the eyes.

57
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Soft center cavity in bone that often holds marrow.

58
Q

Metacarpal

A

One of five bones of the hand between the wrist and the fingers.

59
Q

Metaphyisis

A

Section of a long bone between that epiphysis and the diaphysis.

60
Q

Metatarsal bones

A

Bones of the foot between the instep (arch) and the toes.

61
Q

Muscle

A

Contractile tissue that plays a major role in body movement.

62
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

System of the body including the muscles and the skeleton.

63
Q

Nasal bones

A

Bones that form the bridge of the nose.

64
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Cavity on either side of the nasal septum.

65
Q

Neural canal

A

Space through which the spinal cord passes.

66
Q

Occipital bone

A

Bone that forms the lower back portion of the skull.

67
Q

Olecranon

A

Curved end of the ulna to which tendons of the arm muscles attach; bony prominence of the elbow.

68
Q

Origin

A

Point at which muscles attach to stationary bone.

69
Q

Osseous tissue

A

Connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited.

70
Q

Ossification

A

Hardening into bone.

71
Q

Osteoblast

A

Cell that forms bone.

72
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell.

73
Q

Osteoclast

A

Large cell that reabsorbs and removes osseous tissue.

74
Q

Parietal bone

A

Flat, curved bone on either side of the upper part of the skull.

75
Q

Patella

A

Large, sesamoid bone that forms the kneecap.

76
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Cup-shaped cavity formed by the large bones of the pelvic girdle; contains female reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, bladder, and rectum.

77
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Hip bones.

78
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone.

79
Q

Phalanges

A

Long bones of the fingers and toes.

80
Q

Phosphorus

A

Mineral important to the formation of bone.

81
Q

Process

A

Bony outgrowth or projection.

82
Q

Pubes

A

Anteroinferior portion of the hip bone.

83
Q

Radius

A

Shorter bone of the forearm.

84
Q

Sacrum

A

Next to last spinal vertebrae made up of five fused bones; vertebrae that forms part of the pelvis.

85
Q

Scapula

A

Large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade.

86
Q

Shin

A

Anterior ridge of the tibia.

87
Q

Short bones

A

Square shaped bones with approximately equal dimensions on all sides.

88
Q

Sinus

A

Hollow cavity, especially either of two cavities on the sides of the nose.

89
Q

Skeleton

A

Bony framework of the body.

90
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Fibers muscle of internal organs that acts involuntarily.

91
Q

Spinal column

A

Column of the vertebrae at the posterior of the body, from the neck to the coccyx.

92
Q

Spinous process

A

Protrusion from the center of the vertebral arch.

93
Q

Spongy bone

A

Bone with an open latticework filled with connective tissue or marrow.

94
Q

Sternum

A

Long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax.

95
Q

Striated muscle

A

Muscle with a ribbed appearance that is controlled at will.

96
Q

Styloid process

A

Peg-shaped protrusion from a bone.

97
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove or furrow in the surface of bone.

98
Q

Suture

A

Joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane.

99
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Fluid that serves to lubricate joints.

100
Q

Synovial joint

A

A joint that moves.

101
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid.

102
Q

Tarsus, tarsal bones

A

Seven bones of the instep (arch of the foot).

103
Q

Temporal bone

A

Large bone forming the base and sides of the skull.

104
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Joint of the lower jaw between the temporal bone and the mandible.

105
Q

Tendon

A

Fibers band that connects muscle to bones or other structures.

106
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Twelve vertebrae of the chest area.

107
Q

Thorax

A

Part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; chest.

108
Q

Tibia

A

Larger of the two lower leg bones.

109
Q

Transverse process

A

Protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch.

110
Q

Trochanter

A

Bony protrusion at that upper end of the femur.

111
Q

True ribs

A

Seven upper ribs of the chest that attached to the sternum.

112
Q

Ulna

A

Larger bone of the forearm.

113
Q

Vertebra (pl., vertebrae)

A

One of the bony segments of the spinal column.

114
Q

Vertebral body

A

Main portion of the vertebra, separate from the arches of the vertebra.

115
Q

Vertebral column

A

Spinal column

116
Q

Vitamin D

A

Vitamin important to the formation of bone.

117
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

Striated muscle.

118
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Bone that forms the cheek.

119
Q

Ischium

A

One of three fused bones that form the pelvic girdle.

120
Q

Malleous (pl., malleoli)

A

Rounded protrusion of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle.

121
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Joint between the two public bones.

122
Q

Symphysis

A

Type of cartilaginous joint uniting two bones.

Medical Terminology (28 decks)

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