Chapter 6 Flashcards
7 types of values that motivate behaviour
Prosocial
Restrictive Conformity
Enjoyment
Achievement
Maturity
Self-Direction
Security
Prosocial (values that motivate behaviour)
active protection or enhancement of the welfare of others.
Restrictive Conformity (values that motivate behaviour)
restraint of impulses likely to harm others.
Enjoyment (values that motivate behaviour)
Sensuous or emotional gratification.
Achievement (values that motivate behaviour)
personal success
Maturity (values that motivate behaviour)
understanding and acceptance of oneself and others.
Self-Direction (values that motivate behaviour)
independent thought and action.
Security (values that motivate behaviour)
safety and stability.
3 different levels of moral development
self-centered
conformity
principled
Self-Centered (Preconventional)- (levels of moral development)
Actions are determined by their consequences and who lays down the rules.
Stage 1: the obedience and punishment orientation- consequences determine what’s good and bad
Stage 2: instrumental purpose and exchange (instrumental relativist orientation)- satisfying one’s own needs is most important- You scratch my back I’ll scratch yours.
Conformity (Conventional)- (levels of moral development)
emphasis on social harmony.
Stage 3: interpersonal accord, conformity, and mutual expectations- good behaviour pleases and helps others.
Stage 4: social accord and system maintenance- the social system is a set or regulations that applies to all impartially.
Principled (Postconventional)- (levels of moral development)
emphasizes interpersonal ethics. Creates their own rules based off what they think of society’s laws.
Stage 5: social contract and individual rights- right is relative to personal values and opinion.
Stage 6: universal ethical principles orientation- right is defined by conscience decisions and individual ethical principles.
Sustainability
meeting the needs of present generations without compromising future generations ability to meet their own needs.
Intellectual Property Theft
failure to abide by copyright laws.
Piracy
making imitations of brand name goods.
Ethics
standards of conduct that indicate how one should behave based on moral principles of right and wrong.
Terminal Values
desirable end states of existence or the goals a person would live to achieve in their lifetime.
Instrumental Values
preferable behaviours to achieving one’s terminal values.
Moral Values
interpersonal focused, when violated we feel guilty.
Competence Values
personal focused, feel ashamed of our inadequacy when violated.
Utilitarianism
a moral act produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Individual Rights Principle
personal entitlements of legal and human rights.
Justice Principle
fairness when distributing benefits and burdens.
Caring Principle
focuses on the well-being of others.
Environmentalism
focuses on how decisions affect the Earth.
ethical subjectivism
implies that ethics of right and wrong are up to opinion (however since people disagree that means logically that one of them has to be wrong, and as people more or less universally share the same ethical principles there are some principles that seem to be standard)
distributive justice
concerns fairness in the distribution of resources and or benefits and harms of our decisions among those affected
Procedural justice
concerns the fairness of processes in the application of them
Compensatory justice
concerns compensating people fairly if they have been harmed
Retributive justice
concerns fairness in punishing people for undesirable behaviour
Generalizability
concerns the rationality of the principle underlying a proposed action is a rational to think that something is ethically permissible for you but not ethically permissible for someone else in the same situation
