Chapter 4 Flashcards
OCEAN dimensions (the big 5 personality constructs)
the dimensions that define personality
O of OCEAN dimensions
open to experience and aware of thoughts, feelings, and impulses.
C of OCEAN dimensions
Conscientiousness, the extent people are dependable and conform to social norms
E of OCEAN dimensions
Extroversion, how social someone is.
A of OCEAN dimensions
Agreeableness, the extent that people are likable, cooperative, and considerate.
N of OCEAN dimensions
Neuroticism, also called emotional stability, the tendency to experience negative emotions.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): (E/I)
Extroversion/Introversion, how they interact socially
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): (S/N)
Sensing/Intuiting, how they prefer to collect information, sensing are more factual and intuiting is more based on instinct and subjective ideas
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): (T/F)
Thinking/Feeling, how they evaluate information, thinking is more logical and feeling is based on their or someone else’s reactions
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): (J/P)
Judging/Perceiving (J/P), how they make decisions, judging are planners and perceiving are spontaneous
Locus of Control
What people believe controls what happens to them. Can be internal locus or external locus.
Internal vs. External Locus
Internal Locus- believe they control their own fate
External locus- believe that luck or other situational factors control their fate
Conditional Reasoning Approach
Suggests individuals interpret what happens in their social environment by their own mentality. Assumes responses to situation depend on personality.
Cognitive-Affective Processing System
the personality system is comprised of cognitive-affective units, that are defined as interpretations of people and situations, goals, feelings, etc… They are affected by external environmental factors.
Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory 4 stages
Concrete Experience (CE)
Reflective Observation (RO)
Abstract Conceptualization (AC)
Active Experimentation (AE)
Concrete Experience (CE)
where people undergo an experience that is new or alters a previous experience they have had in the past.
Reflective Observation (RO)
the process of analyzing the experience that occurred and understanding it.
Abstract Conceptualization (AC)
the stage where the individual finishes reflecting and creates a hypothesis about the experience based on their understanding of the event.
Active Experimentation (AE)
the application of the hypothesis one has made and observing the results.
Kolb’s learning styles
Accommodator
Diverger
Converger
Assimilator
Accommodator
strong in AE and CE stages, focuses on action rather than thinking
Diverger
strong in CE and RO stages, are imaginative and feeling oriented, tend to love arts
Converger
strong in AC and AE stages, good at decision making and practical applications
Assimilator
strong in AC and RO stages, less focused on people and more interested in theoretical concepts
Personality
an individual’s constant characteristic patterns of thought, emotion and behaviour, and the psychological mechanisms that support and drive them. Both nature (genetic) and nurture (environment) aspects affect personality development
Traits
regular dimensions of individual behaviour (extroverted, confident, etc…)
Trait Theories
emphasize components of personality and play down one’s environment. Examples of trait models are the Big Five Model and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
Interactionist Theories
emphasize the situation and the nature of the individual understanding and predicting behaviour. Some interactionist models include the conditional reasoning approach and cognitive-affective processing system.
Machiavellianism
the degree people are willing to do whatever it takes if the end result is successful (including manipulating people and other bad things)
4 dimensions of honesty/humility
- Sincerity
- Fairness
- Greed Avoidance
- Modesty
Sincerity
unwillingness to be manipulative or dishonest
Fairness
unwillingness to cheat steal or use fraud
Greed Avoidance
less concerned with wealth or status
Modesty
acknowledge limits, keep accomplishments in perspective, and low self focus
Narcissism
an arrogant, self-centred, entitled person who needs excessive admiration
Psychopathy
prone to deviant behaviour partly due to high levels of thrill seeking impulsivity and selfishness tend to display a superficial charm, lack emotion and remorsefulness
Emotional Intelligence
The capacity to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions
4 core dimensions of emotional intelligence
self-awareness
other-awareness
emotional regulation
use of emotions
Self-awareness
the appraisal and expression of emotions in oneself
Other-awareness
the appraisal and recognition of emotion in others
Emotional regulation
being able to recover quickly from emotional experiences
Use of emotions
being able to harness emotions to enhance performance
trait activation
certain situational cues are needed to evoke the display of personality traits
reciprocal determinism
influenced by 3 things
- personal factors
- behaviour
- environmental factors
