Chapter 3

Question 1

2 types of knowledge

Answer 1

1. explicit

2. tacit

Question 2

explicit knowledge

Answer 2

tangible-databases, documents, programs, etc..

Question 3

tacit knowledge

Answer 3

intangible- cognitive, intuitive, etc..

Question 4

power

Answer 4

the ability to influence another’s actions.

Question 5

Formal power bases

Answer 5

1. coercive- threats, punishments
2. rewards- benefits, advantages
3. legitimates- positional, hierarchical, organizational

Question 6

Personal power bases

Answer 6

1. expert- knowledge, skills, information

2. referent- attraction, charisma, admiration

Question 7

Other power bases

Answer 7

trust and respect

Question 8

Classical Conditioning

Answer 8

creating a response to an unconditioned stimulus, Make you react in a specific way to something that you didn’t used to act that way before. Based on the experiments of Ivan Pavlov

Question 9

Operant Conditioning

Answer 9

the reaction to feedback or others reactions

Question 10

reinforcement conditioning

Answer 10

uses rewards to increase the likelihood of a particular behaviour. Can be positive or negative.

Positive reinforcement- rewarding behaviour with a favourable stimulus

Negative reinforcement- rewarding a behaviour with your removal of an aversive stimulus

Question 11

punishment conditioning

Answer 11

uses punishment to decrease the likelihood of repeating behaviour, can be positive or negative.

Positive punishment- punishing a behaviour with an aversive stimulus

Negative punishment- punishing a behaviour with the removal of a favourable stimulus

Question 12

extinction conditioning

Answer 12

doing nothing to decrease the likelihood of repeating behaviour this includes stopping to provide the above reinforcements (silent treatment)

Question 13

Social learning

Answer 13

learning through the experience and observation of others. Learn to anticipate consequences of good and bad behaviour.

Question 14

Organizational learning

Answer 14

Organizations learn through exploitation or exploration

Question 15

Exploitation organization learning

Answer 15

Exploitation is learning ways to refine and improve existing procedures.

Question 16

Exploration organizational learning

Answer 16

Exploration is searching for and experimenting with new kinds of activities and procedures

Question 17

Levels of organizational learning

Answer 17

Individual exploration and development

Group sharing of ideas and collaboration

Organizational developing and capturing knowledge across groups

Inter-organizational learning from competitors and other organizations

Question 18

Single-loop learning (adaptive learning)

Answer 18

Single loop learning is changing according to existing procedures and strategies

Question 19

Double-loop learning (generative learning)

Answer 19

Double Loop learning is questioning and possibly altering assumptions policies and procedures and developing new ones

Question 20

Triple-loop learning or Deutero learning

Answer 20

learning to learn

Question 21

Reasons companies fail

Answer 21

• Repeat mistakes
• Duplicate work that been done instead of developing better work
• Poor customer relations
• Good ideas aren’t spread between departments
• Competing on price (need more than just being cheap to keep customers)
• Can’t compete with market leaders (knowledge is key, what do you have that the big companies don’t that will set you apart OR what do the big guys have that is putting them at the top that you might be missing- think outside of money budget)
• Depending on key individuals (Mom’s work)
• Slow to launch new products or enter new markets
• Not setting the right price for the service or product

Question 22

Characteristics of an adult learning environment

Answer 22

1. Psychological Contract of Reciprocity- relationships with an equal and mutual balance of giving and receiving thrive, while relationships that fail to have this balance decay quickly.
2. Experience Based- motivation for learning comes from problems and opportunities in their own life experiences.
3. Personal Application- the main goal of learning is to use what is learned to solve everyday problems
4. Individualized and Self-Directed- learning environments have to be flexible to meet the needs of different students goals and learning styles. Learners must take responsibility for achieving goals and let the instructor know if problems arise.
5. Integrates Learning and Living- must learn the subject matter and one’s strengths and weaknesses as a learner

Question 23

Characteristics of Learning Organizations

Answer 23

1. Systematic Problem Solving- solve problems using the scientific method
2. Experimentation- continuous experimentation to improve the company
3. Learning from Past Experience- take time to reflect and evaluate successes and failures
4. Learning from Others- look outward to adopt ideas from others
5. Transfer Knowledge- share knowledge among all sections of the company

Question 24

Competitive advantage

Answer 24

being able to learn faster than their competitors.

Question 25

Knowledge

Answer 25

knowing something through experience

Question 26

Espoused Theories

Answer 26

“Do as I say, not as I do.” stuff we profess to believe

Question 27

Theories in Action

Answer 27

stuff that guides our behaviour

Question 28

Parallel Learning Structures

Answer 28

a small group or sector of the company that tests out an innovative idea or process which if successful or beneficial is then added to the organization as a whole. (Farrow edmonton office not using paper)

Question 29

Psychological Contract of Reciprocity (characteristics of an adult learning environment)

Answer 29

relationships with an equal and mutual balance of giving and receiving thrive, while relationships that fail to have this balance decay quickly.

Question 30

Experience Based (characteristics of an adult learning environment)

Answer 30

motivation for learning comes from problems and opportunities in their own life experiences.

Question 31

Personal Application (characteristics of an adult learning environment)

Answer 31

the main goal of learning is to use what is learned to solve everyday problems

Question 32

Individualized and Self-Directed (characteristics of an adult learning environment)

Answer 32

learning environments have to be flexible to meet the needs of different students goals and learning styles. Learners must take responsibility for achieving goals and let the instructor know if problems arise.

Question 33

Integrates Learning and Living (characteristics of an adult learning environment)

Answer 33

must learn the subject matter and one’s strengths and weaknesses as a learner

Question 34

Systematic Problem Solving (Characteristics of organizational learning)

Answer 34

solve problems using the scientific method

Question 35

Experimentation (Characteristics of organizational learning)

Answer 35

continuous experimentation to improve the company

Question 36

Learning from Past Experience (Characteristics of organizational learning)

Answer 36

take time to reflect and evaluate successes and failures

Question 37

Learning from Others (Characteristics of organizational learning)

Answer 37

look outward to adopt ideas from others

Question 38

Transfer Knowledge (Characteristics of organizational learning)

Answer 38

share knowledge among all sections of the company