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bio 112 > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

the cell

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

most cells range between what sizes

A

1-10 um

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2
Q

what cells are typically bigger? prokaryote or eukaryote?

A

eukaryote

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3
Q

True or False: All eukaryotic organisms are multicellular

A

false (fungi is unicellular)

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4
Q

True or False: All cells have a nucleus

A

false

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5
Q

True or False: All cells have a chromosome

A

true

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6
Q

what are the structures that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common?

A

plasma membrane
chromosomes
ribosomes

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7
Q

what are the key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus, numerous membrane bound organelles that are within the cytoplasm

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

region of the the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

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9
Q

what is the purpose of membrane compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells

A

provides local environments embedded with enzymes, for specific metabolic functions

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10
Q

what is the purpose of the nucleus

A

contains genetic information

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11
Q

what is the purpose of the nuclear envelope

A

double membrane contains pores

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12
Q

what is the location and the purpose of the nuclear lamina

A

surrounds inner layer of the nuclear membrane. Provides structural support for the nucleus

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13
Q

what is the purpose of the nucleolus

A

dense structure that synthesizes ribosomal RNA which combines with proteins to make ribosomal subunits

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the chromosomes

A

structures that carry genetic information

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15
Q

what is chromatin

A

complex of one long DNA molecule associated with many proteins

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16
Q

when are chromosomes visible individually

A

when they are condensed in dividing cells

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17
Q

what is the purpose of the ribosomes

A

complexes of ribosomal RNA and proteins that carry out protein synthesis within the cytoplasm

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18
Q

where are ribsomes assembled

A

nucleus

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19
Q

How are ribosomes transported to the cytoplasm

A

through nuclear pores

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20
Q

are ribosomes organelles?

A

no, doesnt have a membrane

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21
Q

where are free ribosomes located and what is their function

A

located in cytosol.

they synthesize proteins that are used within they cytosol

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22
Q

what are bound ribosomes

A

they are attached to the ER or nuclear envelope to synthesize proteins found within membranes, packaged into organelles

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23
Q

what is the function of the Endomembrane system

A

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

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24
Q

how are organelles connected in a cell

A

connected directly or connected via tiny membrane vesticles

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25
Q

what are the functions of the endomembrane system

A

detoxification
lipid synthesis, metabolism and movement
synthesis and transport of proteins into membranes, organelles, or out of the cell

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26
Q

what is the purpose of the cisternae

A

network of interconnected tubules or compartments in the ER/Golgi

27
Q

lumen

A

different environment inside of the cisternae

28
Q

what does the rough ER look like

A

ribosomes attached o the cytoplasic side of cisternae

29
Q

functions of rough ER

A

synthesis of proteins
addition of carbohydrates
assembly of phospholipids and proteins

30
Q

smooth ER

A

lacks ribosomes and holds enzymes

31
Q

what are the functions of the enzymes in the smooth ER

A

synthesis of lipids
carbohydrate metabolism
detoxification

32
Q

what is the purpose of the Golgi Apparatus

A

shipping and receiving center of a cell

33
Q

Cis face of Golgi

A

where transport vesicles go to golgi

34
Q

trans face of golgi

A

where transport vesicles bud off from the Golgi

35
Q

what is the purpose of the lysosome

A

digestive compartments within the cell

36
Q

what is the pH of the lysosome

A

pH–5 acidic

37
Q

endosymbiont theory

A

eukaryotic cells engulf oxygenized-photosynthetic prokaryote and it merged into a single organism with a mitochondrion

38
Q

evidence of endosymbiont theory

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane

39
Q

mitochondria

A

converts molecules into ATP

40
Q

the inner membrane divides the mitochondria into what 2 parts?

A

intermembrane space

matrix

41
Q

chloroplasts

A

convert solar energy to chemical energy

42
Q

stroma

A

fluid inside the inner membrane that contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes

43
Q

thylakoid membranes

A

another membrane system in chloroplasts that contain photosynthetic enzymes

44
Q

granum

A

stack of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts

45
Q

peroxisomes

A

membrane bounded metabolic compartments that use enzymes to produce H2O2

46
Q

why are peroxisomes not part of the endomembrane system

A

they aren’t fully within the cell

47
Q

what is the cytoskeleton and its functions

A

network of protein fibers
cell motility
mechanical signals
cell shape

48
Q

what are the 3 types of cytoskeletons

A

microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate filaments

49
Q

cytokinesis

A

diving cytoplasm

50
Q

what is the size order of the cytoskeletons form small to large

A

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

51
Q

what is the shape of microfilaments

A

hallow

52
Q

what is the function of microfilaments

A

moving organelles
chromosome movement
found within cilia and flagella

53
Q

what is the function of intermediate filaments

A

muscle contraction
cell division
found in microvilli

54
Q

what is the shape of intermediate filaments

A

2 intertwined strands

55
Q

what is the function of intermediate microtubules

A

anchor nucleus

56
Q

what is the shape of intermediate microtubules

A

coiled thick cables

57
Q

purpose of mechanical signaling pathways

A

relay info about changes of inside and outside of the cell

58
Q

what is the purpose of ECM

A

protection and to keep things out

59
Q

what is the purpose of tight junctions

A

prevent fluid from moving across layer of cells–SEAL

60
Q

desmosomes

A

anchoring junctions that hold sides together

61
Q

gap junctions

A

protein lines pores that exchange ions and small molecules between cells

62
Q

True or False: Mitochondria and chloroplasts have the same general function: to convert energy into a usable form for the cell

A

true

63
Q

True or False: A plant that has chloroplasts does not need mitochondria.

A

false

bio 112 (14 decks)

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