chapter 17 Flashcards
gene definition
codes for a certain trait
alleles
the specific dominant or recessive variation coding for that specific trait
what are the link between genotype and phenotype
proteins
gene expression
the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
what’s cricks proposal for how a gene turns into a protein
cells are governed by a molecular chain of command with a direction flow of genetic information
what is the basic principle
DNA is transcribed to RNA and mRNA and then translated to protein
why is RNA the bridge between DNA and protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells
not all cells have a nucleus
transcription takes place where in eukaryotic cells
nucleus
translation takes place where in eukaryotic cells
cytoplasm
What is the major difference between DNA and RNA?
both the sugar and the bases
what is the genetic code
4 DNA nucleotides that code for the amino acids
what are the bases of RNA
A, U, G, C
what sugar composes DNA
deoxyribose
how many amino acids are there
20
what are the bases of DNA
A, T, G, C
what is the sugar of RNA
ribose
logically, how many nucelotides are necessary for coding an amino acid
at least 3
during transcription, the gene determines what
the sequence of bases along the length of the mRNA molecule
template strand
strand of DNA uses to code (3’–>5’)
codons
sequence of base triplets
