Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 112 > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

water

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

solution

A

homogeneous mixture of 2+ substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

solvent

A

dissolving agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

solute

A

substance that dissolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aqueous solution

A

in which a solute can dissolve in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hydration shell

A

sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hydrophilic

A

substance that has an infinity for water (loves water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hydrophobic

A

nonionic/nonpolar substances that repel (fear) water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is an example of a hydrophilic agent?

A

cellulose in plants, helping water being distributed throughout.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an example of a hydrophobic solution

A

vegetable oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

molarity

A

moles per 1L of solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a hydrogen ion

A

H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is an hydroxide ion

A

OH-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an hydronium ion

A

H30+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

acid

A

substance that increases hydrogen ion concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

base

A

substance that reduces hydrogen ion concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is pH measured?

A

negative logarithm of hydrogen concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

buffers

A

substance that minimizes changes in a concentration of H+ and OH- solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

human blood must be within what pH

A

7-7.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do human bodies have to keep their pH normalized?

A

buffers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is formed by oceans absorbing CO2

A

carbonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ocean acidification

A

alters the delicate balance of life in oceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

water molecule is shaped like?

A

a V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a water molecule has what types of bond

A

single covalent polar bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which element is the bond in water closer to?

A

oxygen because of oxygen having a higher electronegativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What molecule has uneven distribution of the charges and frequently asymmetrical

A

polar molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

polar covalent bond

A

covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the 4 emergent properties of water?

A

cohesion of water molecules
moderation of temp
water is the solvent of life
expansion of freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cohesion

A

clinging of one substance to itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

adhesion

A

clinging of one substance to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

surface tension

A

measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what does cohesion contribute to the organism’s functioning

A

dissolving nutrients and transportation of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

spider walking on water is a demonstration of what emergent property of water

A

cohesion of water molecules (surface tension)

33
Q

what is moderation of temperature

A

water stores heat and modifies based on temp

34
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy of motion

35
Q

thermal energy

A

kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules

36
Q

temperature

A

avg kinetic energy

37
Q

heat

A

transfer from one body of matter to another

38
Q

calorie (cal)

A

amount of heat it takes to raise heat temp of 1g of water by 1 degree Celsius

39
Q

kilocalorie (kcal)

A

1000 cal for 1 kilogram of water to be raised 1 degree celsius

40
Q

specific heat

A

amount of heat that must be absorbed for 1g of that substance to change its temp 1 C

41
Q

vapor

A

molecules moving fast enough to overcome the attractions and depart

42
Q

what is a measure of how well a substance changes temp

A

specific heat

43
Q

heat of vaporization

A

quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from liquid to a gas

44
Q

does water require high or low vaporization energy

A

high

45
Q

water having high specific heat is due to

A

the hydrogen bonding

46
Q

whats evaporative cooling

A

the liquid of vapor that is released, allows for the liquid to cool down

47
Q

why can ice float on water

A

water is unusual and is less dense, allowing it to float

48
Q

electronegativity

A

a chemical property that describes the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself

49
Q

why is there a partial +/- charge

A

the net effect due to the difference in electronegativity

50
Q

What are the cut offs on the electronegativity polarity scale

A

> 0.4 nonpolar
0.4-2 polar
<2 ionic

51
Q

Why do He, Ne, & Ar have no electronegativity?

A

They have a full outer shell

52
Q

How do 2 of the same atoms share a covalent bond

A

the 2 atoms share the bond equally

53
Q

whats a nonpolar molecule

A

equal sharing of electrons

54
Q

what’s a intermolecular bond

A

bond that connect several molecules together

55
Q

maximum number of hydrogen bonds a water molecule can form

A

4

56
Q

what’s a intramolecular bond

A

bond in between atoms in a single molecule

57
Q

What molecule is usually symmetrical and has little or no partial charge

A

nonpolar molecule

58
Q

T/F a partially (-) charged oxygen atom must be present in a hydrogen bond

A

false

59
Q

in its liquid state, what allows water to be fragile and short lived

A

the hydrogen bonds due from the the polar molecules

60
Q

what depends on matter’s volume, heat or temp?

A

heat

61
Q

T/F a partially (+) charged hydrogen atom must be present in a hydrogen bond?

A

true

62
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a partial positive attraction to a partial negative molecule

63
Q

what doesn’t depend on matter’s volume? heat or temp?

A

temp

64
Q

does a lukewarm pool or a steaming cup of coffee have more heat?

A

lukewarm pool

65
Q

why can a large body of water absorb and store a great amount of heat without changing temps very much

A

water has a high specific heat

66
Q

Why does water have a high specific heat?

A

due to hydrogen bonds

67
Q

does a lukewarm pool or a steaming cup of coffee have a higher temp?

A

steaming cup of coffee

68
Q

how does water moderate temperature through sweating

A

“hottest” molecules (with most kinetic energy) are most likely to leave as a gas, leaving behind “colder” molecules

69
Q

sugar dissolves in water, what is the solute, solvent, and solution

A

sugar–solute
water–solvent
sweet water– solution

70
Q

hydrogen shell

A

sphere of water molecules that surrounds solutes when they are dissolved in water

71
Q

are solutes hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophilic

72
Q

the lower pH of a solution, the more or less acidic?

A

more acidic

73
Q

what equation do you use to calculate the pH of a solution

A

= -log[H+]

74
Q

whats the pH of human blood

A

7.4

75
Q

what is responsible for making the acid in the body

A

parietal cell, stomach lining

76
Q

increase in pH means that [H+] has

A

decreased

77
Q

acidosis

A

pH in blood is less than 7.35

78
Q

alkalosis

A

when pH in blood is more than 7.45

79
Q

What is expected to happen when the blood pH is higher than normal?

A

Carbonic acid will disassociate to form bicarbonate and protons

bio 112 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions