chapter 4

Question 1

organic chem

Answer 1

compounds containing carbon living and nonliving

Question 2

what did stanly miller realize with his earth conditions experiment

Answer 2

organic molecules are the origin of life, but are also found in nonliving molecules

Question 3

electron configuration

Answer 3

determines the kinds & number of bonds an atom will form with other atoms

Question 4

valence

Answer 4

number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell of an atom

Question 5

hydrocarbons

Answer 5

organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen covalently bonded

Question 6

isomers

Answer 6

compounds that have the same number of atoms and elements, but have different structures and properties

Question 7

structural isomers

Answer 7

differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 8

cis-trans isomers

Answer 8

carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility of bonds

Question 9

enantiomers

Answer 9

isomers that are minor images of each other and that differ in shape due to asymmetric carbon

Question 10

functional groups

Answer 10

chemical groups directly involved in chemical reactions and (they all have different properties)

Question 11

adenosine triphosphate (atp)

Answer 11

organic phosphate that is responsible for the cell’s functioning

Question 12

all living matter consists of what elements

Answer 12

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and small amounts of phosphorus and sulfur

Question 13

what functional group is alcohol

Answer 13

hydroxyl

Question 14

what function group is amine

Answer 14

amino

Question 15

which functional group is ketone

Answer 15

carbonyl

Question 16

what functional group is thiol

Answer 16

sulfhydryl

Question 17

what functional group is organic phosphate

Answer 17

phosphate

Question 18

what functional group is carboxylic and organic acid

Answer 18

carboxyl

Question 19

what function group is methylated compound

Answer 19

methyl

Question 20

how many more electrons are needed to fill carbon’s outermost shell

Answer 20

4

Question 21

how many more electrons to fill sulfer’s outermost shell

Answer 21

2

Question 22

do cis-trans isomers have the same molecular formula?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

how are cis isomers’ elements arranged around the carbon and hydrogen

Answer 23

they are in the same side

Question 24

what’s an example of an entiomer

Answer 24

left hand and right hand (takes up different amounts of space)

Question 25

what’s an example of an effective and ineffective monomer

Answer 25

ibuprofen (S-works) (R-ineffective)

Question 26

how are trans isomers’ elements arranged around the carbon and hydrogen

Answer 26

they are on opposite sides

Question 27

what are the functional properties of hydroxyl

Answer 27

polar
hydrophilic
hydrogen bond

Question 28

what are the functional properties of carbonyl

Answer 28

polar

found in sugars

Question 29

what are the functional properties of carboxyl

Answer 29

polar
acidic properties
hydrogen bonding (some)

Question 30

what are the functional properties of amine

Answer 30

polar
basic
hydrogen bond

Question 31

what are the functional properties of sulfhydryl

Answer 31

disulfide bonds

Question 32

what are the functional properties of phosphate

Answer 32

polar
negative charge
transfers energy

Question 33

what are the functional properties of methyl

Answer 33

nonpolar

hydrophobic

Question 34

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond with other atoms?

Answer 34

covalent