chapter 4 Flashcards
organic chem
compounds containing carbon living and nonliving
what did stanly miller realize with his earth conditions experiment
organic molecules are the origin of life, but are also found in nonliving molecules
electron configuration
determines the kinds & number of bonds an atom will form with other atoms
valence
number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell of an atom
hydrocarbons
organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen covalently bonded
isomers
compounds that have the same number of atoms and elements, but have different structures and properties
structural isomers
differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
cis-trans isomers
carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility of bonds
enantiomers
isomers that are minor images of each other and that differ in shape due to asymmetric carbon
functional groups
chemical groups directly involved in chemical reactions and (they all have different properties)
adenosine triphosphate (atp)
organic phosphate that is responsible for the cell’s functioning
all living matter consists of what elements
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and small amounts of phosphorus and sulfur
what functional group is alcohol
hydroxyl
what function group is amine
amino
which functional group is ketone
carbonyl
what functional group is thiol
sulfhydryl
what functional group is organic phosphate
phosphate
what functional group is carboxylic and organic acid
carboxyl
what function group is methylated compound
methyl
how many more electrons are needed to fill carbon’s outermost shell
4
how many more electrons to fill sulfer’s outermost shell
2
do cis-trans isomers have the same molecular formula?
yes
how are cis isomers’ elements arranged around the carbon and hydrogen
they are in the same side
what’s an example of an entiomer
left hand and right hand (takes up different amounts of space)
what’s an example of an effective and ineffective monomer
ibuprofen (S-works) (R-ineffective)
how are trans isomers’ elements arranged around the carbon and hydrogen
they are on opposite sides
what are the functional properties of hydroxyl
polar
hydrophilic
hydrogen bond
what are the functional properties of carbonyl
polar
found in sugars
what are the functional properties of carboxyl
polar
acidic properties
hydrogen bonding (some)
what are the functional properties of amine
polar
basic
hydrogen bond
what are the functional properties of sulfhydryl
disulfide bonds
what are the functional properties of phosphate
polar
negative charge
transfers energy
what are the functional properties of methyl
nonpolar
hydrophobic
A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond with other atoms?
covalent
