chapter 10 Flashcards
photosynthesis
the use of light energy drives the synthesis of what organic molecules
CO2
H2O
what organisms can conduct photosynthesis in aquatic environments
multi-cellular algae
unicellular algae
cyanobacteria
what are autotrophs
self feeders
what are heterotrophs
other feeders
what are autotrophic characteristics
“producers”
dont consume other living organisms
produce organic molecules
plants
photoautotrophs
use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances
what are heterotrophic characteristics
“consumers”
don’t make their own food
may eat plants or animals
dependent
photosynthesis converts light energy to
chemical energy of food
where are the enzymes that regulate photosynthesis located
membranes
where is photosynthesis said to be originated from
infolded regions of plasma membranes
stroma
dense fluid of the chloroplasts
granum
column of thylakoid sacs
what are thylakoids
sacs
what is a thylakoid space
space in between sacs
what parts on a plant are capable of photosynthesis
everything green
during photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced/oxidized to form glucose
reduced
what is mesophyll
tissue in the interior of the leaf
what is a vein
delivers water and minerals from soil
what enters and exists the stomata
enters: CO2
exists: O2
what is the ultimate product of photosynthesis
sugar
where does a plant get its color
green pigment- chlorophyll
where is chlorophyll located
thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts
each mesophyll cell contains about how many chloroplasts
30-40 ish
what is used to simplify the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration
glucose
what is a direct product of photosynthesis
3 carbon sugar
when electrolytes move from water to sugar are they moving to a more or less electronegative partner?
less
how do electrons distributed through photosynthesis
atoms constantly moving around because of molecular change
how is oxygen involved in photosynthesis
it turns into a waste product released into the atmosphere
how does the potential energy change as it moves from water to sugar
increase, requires energy, endergonic reaction
what are the two stages of photosynthesis
light reactions
calvin cycle
what occurs during light reactions
photo part- converts solar energy into chemical energy
what is the calvin cycle
the synthesis part- incorporates CO2 into organic molecules which are converted
photophosphorylation
light reaction that generates ATP
what is electromagnetic energy
light energy, that travels
what magnitude of energy drives photosynthesis
radiation
photon
discrete particle of electronegativity
photosynthetic pigments
light receptors that function to absorb light, different pigments absorb different wavelengths
what color does chlorophyll absorb
violet blue and red light
what color does chlorophyll reflect
green
what colors of light are best for photosynthesis
violet blue and red
how do accessory pigments contribute to photosynthesis
pigments absorb light at slightly different wavelengths and broaden the spectrum of colors that are useful for photosynthesis
whats a closed system
excitation of isolated chlorophyll molecule
when will a particular chlorophyll pigment only absorb a photon
when the energy is exactly equal to the difference between the ground state and the excited state
how is energy released in a closed system
in the form of fluorescence and heat
how is energy released in a open system
used to power reactions of photosynthesis
what is an open system
excitation of chlorophyll
a photosystem contains
reaction center
several light harvesting complexes
what is the reaction center
protein complex that contains special chlorophyll a molecules
what do several light harvesting complexes consist of
various pigment molecules bound to proteins
what is photosystem 2
chlorophyll a absorbs light best at 680 nm
what is photosystem 1
chlorophyll a absorbs light best at 700 nm
what is reduced in a light reaction
water
what is the energy source of cellular respiration
chemical energy in food
what is the energy source of photosynthesis
light energy
is ATP a final product of photosynthesis
false, everything created is used
where are ATP and NADPH found in the chloroplasts after the light reactions
stroma
light reactions uses solar energy to generate
atp and nadph
light reaction produces ATP and NADPH and transported to be used for
reactants of carbohydrate synthesis by the calvin cycle
where do light reactions take place
thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
where does the calvin cycle take place
stroma
