CHAPTER 6 +7 LONG TERM MEMORY Flashcards
what is division?
refers to distinguishing between the different types of memory
why does distinguishing between memories become useful?
divides memory into smaller components
what are the 3 main mechanisms used to determine differences in memories?
behavioural experiments, neuropsychological studies, brain imaging
what is interaction?
refers to the fact that the different types of memory can interact and share mechanisms
define long-term memory
the system responsible for storing information for long periods of time
what does long-term memory serve as?
an archive of information about past events and previously learned knowledge
what important characteristic goes along with how LTM operates and interacts with working memory?
retaining information
describe how long-term memory creates an on going experience
acts as an archive one can refer to when wanting to remember something while using working memory
what is the serial position curve?
plots a % of a group that recalled a word vs where it was positioned on a list
how does one measure data to make a serial position curve?
presenting a list of words to a participant one after another
what is the primacy effect?
when memory is better for items at the beginning of a sequence
why does the primacy effect occur? (3)
there is more time to rehearse the words at the beginning to help transfer to LTM
no other words have been presented
those words have the person’s 100% attention
who presented 20 words at a rate of 1/5s but had participants repeat the words out loud between each?
Dewey Dundus
what did Dundus discover? (2)
the words at the beginning maintained its original serial position curve shape
the number of rehearsals aids to encoding information
what is the recency effect?
when memory is better for items at the end of a sequence
why does the recency effect occur?
the most recently presented words are still in short term memory = easier for them to remember
who had participants recall the words after they counted backwards for 30s after hearing a list of words?
Glanzer and Cuntiz
what did Glanzer and Cuntiz discover?
prevention of rehearsal allowed time for information to get lost in STM to eliminate the recency effect
what is coding?
refers to the form in which stimuli are represented
what is the mental approach to coding?
noting how an experience or stimulus is represented in the mind
what are the 3 types of coding?
visual, audio, semantic
what is visual coding in STM like?
remembering a pattern by representing it visually in the mind
what is visual coding in LTM like?
visualizing a person or place from the past
what is audio coding in STM like?
use of the phonological similarity effect and misidentifying target letters as another that sounds familiar to it