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8th grade science > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

earthquakes

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are three land features caused by tectonics plate movement

A

ocean basins, mountains, volcanos

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2
Q

where are earthquakes the strongest?

A

epicenter

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3
Q

what does ten-fold on the Richter scale mean? (ranged from _ to _)

A

1 to 10

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4
Q

a familiar system of reporting the magnitude or energy of an earthquake

A

Richter scale

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5
Q

in general, the size of intensity of some measurable quantity (measurement of an earthquake’s energy)

A

magnitude

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6
Q

a push or pull on an object

A

force

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7
Q

the first earthquake wave that reaches a seismic station from an earthquake

A

P waves

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8
Q

rapid mass wasting of earth materials downhill

A

landslide

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9
Q

the angle of slope of a fault face or stratum, measured from the horizontal plane to the fault or stratum surface

A

dip

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10
Q

forces or stresses acting in opposite directions on different parts of the same object or substance

A

shear stress

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11
Q

the point on the earth’s surface directly above the place within the earth where an earthquake actually occurs (it’s focus)

A

epicenter

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12
Q

the tool used to measure the strength of an earthquake

A

seismograph

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13
Q

any change in the shape of a solid due to stresses exerted on the material

A

strain

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14
Q

how do geologists classify faults?

A

by the way two blocks of rock moved to form the fault

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15
Q

the second earthquake wave that reaches a seismic station from an earthquake

A

S waves

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16
Q

a far-reaching, devastating water wave caused by seismic activity

A

tsunami

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17
Q

any force exerted on the matter in an object

A

stress

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18
Q

what type of plate boundary is associated with plates sliding pass each other

A

transform

19
Q

in geology, one of several kinds of earthquake waves that travel only along the surface of the earth

A

surface wave

20
Q

the actual center of an earthquake’s activity deep underground

A

focus (hypocenter)

21
Q

what type of plate boundary is associated with plates moving toward each other

A

convergent

22
Q

list the two types of crust

A

oceanic and continental

23
Q

a fault whose main motion is parallel to its dip direction

A

dip-slip fault

24
Q

list three kinds of stress

A

compression, tension, shear

25
Q

forces or stresses that act to pull an object or substance apart

A

tension stress

26
Q

a stress crack in a rock that shows no indication of motion of the rock on either side of the rock

A

joint

27
Q

a crack or joint in a rock where the rock on both sides the joint have moved relative to each other

A

fault

28
Q

in general, a measure of the concentration of energy expended or the effects of energy releasers. The measurement of damage an earthquake causes using the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale

A

intensity

29
Q

rates the destructiveness of the earthquake

A

Mercalli

30
Q

the compass direction of an imaginary line drawn horizontally on the surface of a fault face or rock stratum

A

strike

31
Q

an instrument that detects earthquake waves

A

seismometer

32
Q

list three properties related to a strain

A

ductility, joint, brittle

33
Q

forces or stresses that act to squeeze or crush an object or substance

A

compression stress

34
Q

what type of plate boundary is associated with plates moving away from each other?

A

divergent

35
Q

a faults resistance to movement depends on what two things?

A

how smooth and slippery the fall surface is

36
Q

earthquakes are most common along?

A

divergent. convergent, transform tectonic plates

37
Q

include oil, grease, and other substances used to reduce friction between surfaces

A

lubricant

38
Q

when slippage in one location of the fault increases the amount of matter strain on other locked portions of the fault, and then those sections sometimes later; secondary earthquake that came from continue for days weeks and months after the main earthquake

A

aftershock

39
Q

the amount of matter a material can endure without breaking

A

ductility

40
Q

list and define two kinds of dip-slip faults

A

reverse (upper body of rocks slides upward relative to the lower body of the rock) and normal (the body of rock above the fault surface drops relative to the body of rock underneath the fault surface)

41
Q

can aftershocks occur more than once and how long?

A

yes; for weeks, days, and months after the main earthquake

42
Q

list and define the three boundaries

A
  • divergent
  • convergent
  • transform
43
Q

list three places seismic waves carry energy

A

away from the focus, through Earth’s interior, across the surface

44
Q

what are the two safest type of buildings?

A

modern and strong; wooden structures and resting on rubber flooring. stronger and more flexible

8th grade science (6 decks)

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