chapter 10

Question 1

name the three areas in petrology

Answer 1

• study rocks
• their classification
• their history

Question 2

what are the steps to forming sedimentary rocks?

Answer 2

• erosion, solution (water dissolving chemical)
• transportation + deposition
• compaction
• cementation

Question 3

term used in classifying sedimentary rocks

Answer 3

breccia

Question 4

clasts are sharp and angular; similar to conglomerates

Answer 4

breccia

Question 5

what three agents make metamorphism happen

Answer 5

temperature, pressure, hydrothermal fluids

Question 6

a solid material in the earth’s crust that is a natural combination of minerals of other materials

Answer 6

rock

Question 7

a piece of broken or eroded rock

Answer 7

clast

Question 8

are pieces and particles of minerals crystals, rock fragments, and even fossils in. a rock that determine its texture

Answer 8

grains

Question 9

metamorphism caused mainly by contact with high temp. magma or lava

Answer 9

contact metamorphism

Question 10

a naturalistic, old-earth idea that rock is recycled just like nearly every other natural resouce

Answer 10

rock cycle

Question 11

how a rock looks and feels based on the sizes of the mineral grains + other particles that compose the rock

Answer 11

texture

Question 12

a coarse-grained igneous rock with very large interlocking crystals

Answer 12

pegmatite

Question 13

any process that causes chemical substances dissolved in water to form a solid compound that settles out of a solution

Answer 13

precipitation

Question 14

rock that doesn’t have bands or laters; tends to break into sharp, angular pieces

Answer 14

nonfoliated metamorphic rock

Question 15

an igneous rock containing a few large grains embedded in a very fine-textured matrix

Answer 15

porphyry

Question 16

occurs when conditions rapidly change in rocks

Answer 16

dynamic metamorphism

Question 17

igneous rock composed of distinct mineral grains that are small and more or less the same size

Answer 17

phanerite

Question 18

rock containing flattened or flaky mineral crystals, giving it a banded or layered appearance

Answer 18

foliated metamorphic rock

Question 19

a fine grained igneous rock with crystals too small to see, even with a microscope

Answer 19

aphantic

Question 19

an igneous, sedimentary, or even another metamorphic rock that seems to have been physically + chemically changed over time by temp., pressure or the presence of hydrothermal fluids

Answer 19

metamorphic rock

Question 20

rock made of sediments produced by erosion or chemical precipitation

Answer 20

sedimentary rock

Question 21

metamorphism that occurred over large areas by widespread, regional tectonic forces, heat, or the pressure from the weight of overlying rock

Answer 21

regional metamorphism

Question 22

probably not occurring extensively today except in regions of active mountain building

Answer 22

regional metamorphism

Question 23

made from the eroded fragment of other rocks

Answer 23

clastic sedimentary rock

Question 24

composed of chemical precipitates

Answer 24

chemical sedimentary rock

Question 25

formed from solidified magma or lava

Answer 25

igneous rock

Question 26

a sedimentary rock composed of materials that are not clastic erosion sediments

Answer 26

nonclastic sedimentary rock

Question 27

form from chemical precipitation or from the deposition of marine fossils

Answer 27

nonclastic sedimentary rock