chapter 10 Flashcards
rocks
name the three areas in petrology
- study rocks
- their classification
- their history
what are the steps to forming sedimentary rocks?
- erosion, solution (water dissolving chemical)
- transportation + deposition
- compaction
- cementation
term used in classifying sedimentary rocks
breccia
clasts are sharp and angular; similar to conglomerates
breccia
what three agents make metamorphism happen
temperature, pressure, hydrothermal fluids
a solid material in the earth’s crust that is a natural combination of minerals of other materials
rock
a piece of broken or eroded rock
clast
are pieces and particles of minerals crystals, rock fragments, and even fossils in. a rock that determine its texture
grains
metamorphism caused mainly by contact with high temp. magma or lava
contact metamorphism
a naturalistic, old-earth idea that rock is recycled just like nearly every other natural resouce
rock cycle
how a rock looks and feels based on the sizes of the mineral grains + other particles that compose the rock
texture
a coarse-grained igneous rock with very large interlocking crystals
pegmatite
any process that causes chemical substances dissolved in water to form a solid compound that settles out of a solution
precipitation
rock that doesn’t have bands or laters; tends to break into sharp, angular pieces
nonfoliated metamorphic rock
an igneous rock containing a few large grains embedded in a very fine-textured matrix
porphyry
occurs when conditions rapidly change in rocks
dynamic metamorphism
igneous rock composed of distinct mineral grains that are small and more or less the same size
phanerite
rock containing flattened or flaky mineral crystals, giving it a banded or layered appearance
foliated metamorphic rock
a fine grained igneous rock with crystals too small to see, even with a microscope
aphantic
an igneous, sedimentary, or even another metamorphic rock that seems to have been physically + chemically changed over time by temp., pressure or the presence of hydrothermal fluids
metamorphic rock
rock made of sediments produced by erosion or chemical precipitation
sedimentary rock
metamorphism that occurred over large areas by widespread, regional tectonic forces, heat, or the pressure from the weight of overlying rock
regional metamorphism
probably not occurring extensively today except in regions of active mountain building
regional metamorphism
made from the eroded fragment of other rocks
clastic sedimentary rock
composed of chemical precipitates
chemical sedimentary rock
formed from solidified magma or lava
igneous rock
a sedimentary rock composed of materials that are not clastic erosion sediments
nonclastic sedimentary rock
form from chemical precipitation or from the deposition of marine fossils
nonclastic sedimentary rock
