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8th grade science > ch. 2, pt. 1 > Flashcards

ch. 2, pt. 1 Flashcards

Matter, Forces, and Energy

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1
Q

anything that has mass and takes up space

A

matter

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2
Q

everything in the _______ is made of matter

A

universe

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3
Q

matter is made of tiny ______ which can be atoms, molecules, or electrically charged particles

A

particles

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4
Q

electrically charged particles

A

ions

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5
Q

what are the four main states of matter?

A
  • solid
  • liquid
  • gas
  • plasma
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6
Q

solids have a _______ shape and a ______ volume

A

definite (2)

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7
Q

the particles are packed _____ together of solids

A

close

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8
Q

although the particles are locked into place, they _____ back and forth (solids)

A

vibrate

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9
Q

liquids have an ________ shape and a _____ volume

A

indefinite; definite

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10
Q

a liquid will take the shape of its ______. the particles are still packed ______ together but are far enough apart to _____ over one another

A

container; close; flow

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11
Q

gases have an ______ shape and an ______ volume

A

indefinite (2)

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12
Q

a gas will ______ to fill its container. The particles move _____ and are very ____ apart

A

expand; fast; far

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13
Q

____ percent of matter in the universe is made of _____

A

99.9; plasma

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14
Q

plasma has an electrical _____. most of the plasma in the universe is found within _____

A

charge; stars

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15
Q

matter can change from one state to another with a change _____ energy

A

heat

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16
Q

when heat increases, the particles move _____ and spread further apart. When heat decreases, the particles mover _______ and get closer together.

A

faster; slower

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17
Q

melting

A

solid; liquid

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18
Q

vaporization

A

liquid; gas

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19
Q

freezing

A

liquid; solid

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20
Q

deposition

A

gas, solid

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21
Q

sublimation

A

solid; gas

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22
Q

T/F: the particles in a solid are rigid and do not move

A

false

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22
Q

condensation

A

gas; liquid

23
Q

T/F: decreasing heat energy can cause a phase change

A

true

23
Q

T/F: a liquid does not have a shape of its own

A

true

24
Q

T/F: increasing heat energy can cause a phase change

A

true

25
Q

T/F: the evaporation of water over time is an example of sublimation

A

false

26
Q

T/F: plasma is rare on Earth but plentiful in the universe

A

true

27
Q

T/F: placing a balloon in a freezer will cause the balloon to expand

A

false

28
Q

energy in motion

A

kinetic energy

29
Q

describe the kinetic energy of solids

A

particles vibrate, packed very closely

30
Q

describe the kinetic energy of liquids

A

medium kinetic energy; float easily

31
Q

describe the kinetic energy of gases

A

particles go in all direction

32
Q

when a solid turns into a liquid

A

melting

33
Q

when a liquid turns into a solid

A

freezing

34
Q

when a liquid turns into a gas

A

evaporation

35
Q

when a gas turns into a liquid

A

condensation

36
Q

when a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming liquid first

A

sublimation

37
Q

when a gas turns directly into a solid without becoming a liquid first

A

deposition

38
Q

a particle with a positive charge

A

proton (p+)

39
Q

a particle with no charge or neutral

A

neutron (n)

40
Q

a particle with a negative charge

A

electron (e)

41
Q

the energy level _____ to to the ______ has the _____ _____

A

closest; nucleus; most energy

42
Q

electrically charged particle; positive or negative

A

ions

43
Q

energy that is at rest

A

potential energy

44
Q

measured units in matter

A

mass

45
Q

the space it occupies

A

volume

46
Q

the gravitational attraction for an object’s mass

A

weight

47
Q

occur when objects touch each other

A

contact forces

48
Q

opposes the motion of objects in contact

A

friction

49
Q

causes the particles in an object to move across each other in layers

A

shear

50
Q

pulls on an object, usually in a straight line

A

tension

51
Q

pushes objects closer

A

compression

52
Q

act on objects separating by distance

A

field forces

53
Q

exerted between magnets and magnetic material

A

magnetic force

54
Q

exerted between electrical charges

A

electric force

55
Q

gives things weight

A

gravity

8th grade science (5 decks)

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