ch. 2, pt. 1 Flashcards
Matter, Forces, and Energy
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
everything in the _______ is made of matter
universe
matter is made of tiny ______ which can be atoms, molecules, or electrically charged particles
particles
electrically charged particles
ions
what are the four main states of matter?
- solid
- liquid
- gas
- plasma
solids have a _______ shape and a ______ volume
definite (2)
the particles are packed _____ together of solids
close
although the particles are locked into place, they _____ back and forth (solids)
vibrate
liquids have an ________ shape and a _____ volume
indefinite; definite
a liquid will take the shape of its ______. the particles are still packed ______ together but are far enough apart to _____ over one another
container; close; flow
gases have an ______ shape and an ______ volume
indefinite (2)
a gas will ______ to fill its container. The particles move _____ and are very ____ apart
expand; fast; far
____ percent of matter in the universe is made of _____
99.9; plasma
plasma has an electrical _____. most of the plasma in the universe is found within _____
charge; stars
matter can change from one state to another with a change _____ energy
heat
when heat increases, the particles move _____ and spread further apart. When heat decreases, the particles mover _______ and get closer together.
faster; slower
melting
solid; liquid
vaporization
liquid; gas
freezing
liquid; solid
deposition
gas, solid
sublimation
solid; gas
T/F: the particles in a solid are rigid and do not move
false
condensation
gas; liquid
T/F: decreasing heat energy can cause a phase change
true
T/F: a liquid does not have a shape of its own
true
T/F: increasing heat energy can cause a phase change
true
T/F: the evaporation of water over time is an example of sublimation
false
T/F: plasma is rare on Earth but plentiful in the universe
true
T/F: placing a balloon in a freezer will cause the balloon to expand
false
energy in motion
kinetic energy
describe the kinetic energy of solids
particles vibrate, packed very closely
describe the kinetic energy of liquids
medium kinetic energy; float easily
describe the kinetic energy of gases
particles go in all direction
when a solid turns into a liquid
melting
when a liquid turns into a solid
freezing
when a liquid turns into a gas
evaporation
when a gas turns into a liquid
condensation
when a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming liquid first
sublimation
when a gas turns directly into a solid without becoming a liquid first
deposition
a particle with a positive charge
proton (p+)
a particle with no charge or neutral
neutron (n)
a particle with a negative charge
electron (e)
the energy level _____ to to the ______ has the _____ _____
closest; nucleus; most energy
electrically charged particle; positive or negative
ions
energy that is at rest
potential energy
measured units in matter
mass
the space it occupies
volume
the gravitational attraction for an object’s mass
weight
occur when objects touch each other
contact forces
opposes the motion of objects in contact
friction
causes the particles in an object to move across each other in layers
shear
pulls on an object, usually in a straight line
tension
pushes objects closer
compression
act on objects separating by distance
field forces
exerted between magnets and magnetic material
magnetic force
exerted between electrical charges
electric force
gives things weight
gravity
