chapter 12 Flashcards
weathering and erosion
what is leeching?
movement of water down into each layer dissolving some minerals
describe the stages of stream development
youthful - high elevation, v-shaped valleys, no floodplain, high velocity, fairly straight course
mature - “s” shaped curves in meanders, floodplains exist, not capable of moving very large sediments
old age - very large floodplains, low velocity
list four factors that affect weathering
- particle size
- climate
- composition
- exposure
list four examples of chemical weathering
- iron oxide
- carbonic acid
- dissolution
- corrosion
materials are carried with the moving water (silts and clay)
suspensions
fast or sudden; most common around road cuts
slump
list four agents of erosion
- water
- wind
- glaciers
- gravity
sheets of ice that are formed by snowfall that doesn’t melt in predominantly cold climates. Pressure by the upper layers compact and form ice
glacier
what is saltation?
a specific type of particle transport by fluids like water. Occurs when loose material is removed from a bed and carried by the fluid. (saltus “leap”)
the leaving behind of sediment
deposition
slowest type of mass movement
creep
how are sedimentary rocks classified?
according to their particle size
list five things that can cause weathering
- plants
- running water
- abrasion
- wind
- glacier
what are the two kinds of running water?
streams and river
what is corrosion?
when acid and water (acid rain) reacts with certain metals
breaks off from glaciers as chunks of ice floats out to sea
ice berg
moves in relation to the slope of the land
mudflow
what is the difference between residual and transported products of weathering
the soil sits above the rock it has weathered from in residual weathering, and in transported weathering, soil that has been weathered from rock at a location is moved elsewhere.
what is the difference in chemical and physical weathering?
chemical weathering changes the substance of a rock and physical weathering is the breakdown of rock, it still remains a rock
List and describe the soil horizon
A Horizon - topsoil which contains humus + a lot of nutrients
B Horizon - sub soil below topsoil into which water has leached nutrients from rich layers above
C Horizon - partially weathered rock
materials are dissolved in water (salts)
solutions
amount of water in a stream
discharge
the bottom of a stream channel
steam bed
also called “earth slide,” “rock slide,” or avalanche; rapid movement; unsorted material moving downhill; destroys everything in path
landslide
what is regolith?
unsolicited weathered rock found at earth’s surface
large materials that roll and bounce along the stream bottom because of the motion of water
bed load
