Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is learning?

A

a relatively enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience

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2
Q

what is non associative learning?

A

responding after repeated exposure to a single stimulus or event
John Watson, behaviorism

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3
Q

what is associative learning?

A

linking two stimuli, or events that occur together
classical and operant conditioning

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4
Q

what is observational learning?

A

acquiring or changing a behavior after exposure to another individual performing that behavior

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5
Q

what are two examples of non associative learning?

A

habituation & dishabituation

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6
Q

what is habituation?

A

a decrease in behavioral response after repeated exposure to a stimulus

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7
Q

what is dishabituation?

A

an increase in a response due to a change in something familiar

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8
Q

what are two examples of associative learning?

A

classical conditioning & operant conditioning

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9
Q

what is classical conditioning?

A

when we learn that a stimulus predicts another stimulus (Ivan Pavlov)

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10
Q

what is operant conditioning?

A

when we learn that a behavior leads to a certain outcome

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11
Q

conditioning trials

A

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned response are paired to produce a reflex

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12
Q

neutral stimulus

A

does not produce response

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13
Q

unconditioned response

A

produces response with no prior learning

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14
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

response that is not learned

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15
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

a stimulus that causes a learned response

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16
Q

acquisition

A

the NS is being paired with the US

17
Q

extinction

A

the US is no longer being presented

18
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

when US returns, behavior returns

19
Q

stimulus generalization

A

learning that occurs when stimuli that are similar to the CS produce the CR

20
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

a differentiation between 2 similar stimuli when only 1 of them is consistently associated with the US

21
Q

who are two people who used operant conditioning?

A

Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner

22
Q

reinforcer

A

stimulus increases likelihood the behavior will continue

23
Q

punisher

A

stimulus decreases likelihood the behavior will continue

24
Q

positive

A

adding stimulus to environment

25
negative
removing stimulus from environment
26
what is continuous reinforcement?
type of learning in which behavior is reinforced each time it occurs
27
what is partial reinforcement?
type of learning in which behavior is reinforced intermittently
28
ratio schedule
reinforcement is based on the number of times the behavior occurs
29
interval schedule
reinforcement is provided after a specific unit of time
30
fixed schedules
reinforcement is provided after a certain amount of time or responses has passed
31
fixed ratio
reinforcement is given after X number of responses
32
fixed interval
reinforcement is given after Y time
33
variable schedule
occurs when reinforcement is provided after varying and irregular amounts of time or responses
34
variable ratio
reinforcement is given after random number of responses
35
variable interval
reinforcement is given after a random amount of time
36
observational learning
the acquisition or modification of a behavior after exposure to another individual performing that behavior (aka social learning)
37
who is Albert Bandura?
his studies suggest that exposing children to violence may encourage them to act aggressively
38
what is modeling?
the imitation of an observed behavior only effective is observer is physically capable of doing said behavior more common in humans than in animals