Chapter 3 Flashcards
Study technology for the brain
EEG
PET
MRI/fMRI
TMS
neuroscience
the study of the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue, and how they relate to behavior and learning
Central Nervous System (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
nerve cells in rest of body
1. somatic - voluntary
2. autonomic - automatic (breathing, blinking, etc)
what is a neuron?
nerve cell
100-200 billion neurons
average neuron has between 1,000 - 10,000 connections
somatic nervous system (SNS)
(PNS)
sensory and motor signals between nervous system and body
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
(PNS)
transmits signals between the CNS and the body’s glands and internal organs
sympathetic (PNS)
dilates pupils, relaxes bronchi, accelerates heartrate, constricts vessels
fight or flight
parasympathetic (PNS)
contracts pupils, constricts bronchi, slows heartrate, dilates vessels
relax
the endocrine system
communicates through hormones to influence thoughts, behaviors, and actions
pituitary gland
base of hypothalamus, releases hormones
-growth hormones
-estrogens
-androgens
how do neurons communicate?
powered by electrical impulses, and communicate through chemical signals
-reception
-integration
-transmission
what are the different types of neurons?
sensory neurons - receive sensory input
motor neurons - direct muscle movement
interneurons - communicate within neurons
dendrites
receive information
nucleus
holds information for replication
soma
(cell body)
processed information
axon
sends info
myelin sheath
protein bubble (coating)
axon terminals
communicates information
synapse
gap between neurons
nodes of Ranvier
space between myelin sheaths
action potential
electrical signal that passes down the axon when the neuron fires
acetocholine
(ACh)
muscle control
monoamines
regulate arousal, feelings, and motivation
