Chapter 12 - Social Psychology Flashcards
what is the mere exposure effect?
the more we are exposed to something, the more positive our attitude towards that thing
what is explicit attitude?
attitude that you know about and can report on (concious)
what is implicit attitude?
attitude that you don’t have access to, but still influences behaviors
what is cognitive dissonance?
behaviors follow attitudes
dissonance reduction - change behavior, attitude, and perception of reality
what is persuasion?
the active and conscious effort to change an attitude through the transmission of a message
source
WHO delivers the message
content
WHAT message says
reciever
WHO processes message
what is the ELM?
elaboration likelihood model - persuasive communication leads to attitude change in 2 ways
-central and peripheral route
what is the central route?
people are motivated and able to process information
what is the peripheral route?
people are unmotivated and unable to process the message
what are peripheral cues?
celebrity endorsement
emotional response
what is an ingroup?
a group we belong to
what is an outgroup?
a group we do not belong to
what is reciprocity?
resources are shared when people help others
what is the outgroup homogeneity effect?
tendency to recognize the difference amongst ingroup members, but not outgroup members
what is the social identity theory?
part of identity is derived from group membership
what is prejudice?
positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their group membership
what is discrimination?
positive or negative behavior toward another person based on their group membership
what is Zajonc’s model of social facilitation
higher arousal from the presence of other increase the dominant response for that specific situation
what is conformity?
changing attitudes or behaviors to align with groups or expected norms
what is normative influence?
to fit in with the group
what is informational influence?
to respond correctly
what is social loafing?
people don’t work as hard in a group as they do alone
what is group polarization?
initial attitudes become more extreme over time
what is groupthink?
tendency of groups to make consensual decisions without critical thought when under duress
what is compliance?
tendency to agree to do things requested by others
what is obedience?
when a person follows the order of someone in authority
foot in the door
if people agree to a small request, they become more likely to comply with a large and undesirable request
door in the face
people are more likely to agree to a small request after they have refused a large request
low-balling
people who have already agreed to buy a product will often agree to pay the increased cost
what are prosocial behaviors?
actions that benefit others
what is altruism?
providing help when it’s needed without any apparent reward for doing so
what is the bystander intervention effect?
the failure to help those in need by an observer when other people are present
what are attributions?
expectations for events or actions
what is personal attritbution?
(dispositional) refer to things within people
what is situational attribution?
(external) refer to events outside a person’s control
what is the fundamental attribution error?
the assumption that someone’s behaviors are more representative of their person than the situation
what factors can lead to attraction?
situational, physical, and psychological
what is the difference between passionate and compassionate love?
passionate - feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction
compassionate - feelings affection, trust, concern for their well-being
