Chapter 12 - Social Psychology

Question 1

what is the mere exposure effect?

Answer 1

the more we are exposed to something, the more positive our attitude towards that thing

Question 2

what is explicit attitude?

Answer 2

attitude that you know about and can report on (concious)

Question 3

what is implicit attitude?

Answer 3

attitude that you don’t have access to, but still influences behaviors

Question 4

what is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 4

behaviors follow attitudes
dissonance reduction - change behavior, attitude, and perception of reality

Question 5

what is persuasion?

Answer 5

the active and conscious effort to change an attitude through the transmission of a message

Question 6

source

Answer 6

WHO delivers the message

Question 7

content

Answer 7

WHAT message says

Question 8

reciever

Answer 8

WHO processes message

Question 9

what is the ELM?

Answer 9

elaboration likelihood model - persuasive communication leads to attitude change in 2 ways
-central and peripheral route

Question 10

what is the central route?

Answer 10

people are motivated and able to process information

Question 11

what is the peripheral route?

Answer 11

people are unmotivated and unable to process the message

Question 12

what are peripheral cues?

Answer 12

celebrity endorsement
emotional response

Question 13

what is an ingroup?

Answer 13

a group we belong to

Question 14

what is an outgroup?

Answer 14

a group we do not belong to

Question 15

what is reciprocity?

Answer 15

resources are shared when people help others

Question 16

what is the outgroup homogeneity effect?

Answer 16

tendency to recognize the difference amongst ingroup members, but not outgroup members

Question 17

what is the social identity theory?

Answer 17

part of identity is derived from group membership

Question 18

what is prejudice?

Answer 18

positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their group membership

Question 19

what is discrimination?

Answer 19

positive or negative behavior toward another person based on their group membership

Question 20

what is Zajonc’s model of social facilitation

Answer 20

higher arousal from the presence of other increase the dominant response for that specific situation

Question 21

what is conformity?

Answer 21

changing attitudes or behaviors to align with groups or expected norms

Question 22

what is normative influence?

Answer 22

to fit in with the group

Question 23

what is informational influence?

Answer 23

to respond correctly

Question 24

what is social loafing?

Answer 24

people don’t work as hard in a group as they do alone

Question 25

what is group polarization?

Answer 25

initial attitudes become more extreme over time

Question 26

what is groupthink?

Answer 26

tendency of groups to make consensual decisions without critical thought when under duress

Question 27

what is compliance?

Answer 27

tendency to agree to do things requested by others

Question 28

what is obedience?

Answer 28

when a person follows the order of someone in authority

Question 29

foot in the door

Answer 29

if people agree to a small request, they become more likely to comply with a large and undesirable request

Question 30

door in the face

Answer 30

people are more likely to agree to a small request after they have refused a large request

Question 31

low-balling

Answer 31

people who have already agreed to buy a product will often agree to pay the increased cost

Question 32

what are prosocial behaviors?

Answer 32

actions that benefit others

Question 33

what is altruism?

Answer 33

providing help when it’s needed without any apparent reward for doing so

Question 34

what is the bystander intervention effect?

Answer 34

the failure to help those in need by an observer when other people are present

Question 35

what are attributions?

Answer 35

expectations for events or actions

Question 36

what is personal attritbution?

Answer 36

(dispositional) refer to things within people

Question 37

what is situational attribution?

Answer 37

(external) refer to events outside a person’s control

Question 38

what is the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 38

the assumption that someone’s behaviors are more representative of their person than the situation

Question 39

what factors can lead to attraction?

Answer 39

situational, physical, and psychological

Question 40

what is the difference between passionate and compassionate love?

Answer 40

passionate - feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction
compassionate - feelings affection, trust, concern for their well-being