Chapter 1 Flashcards
Mental Processes
Thinking, feeling, rationalizing, etc
Behaviors
debating philosophy, competing in athletics, performing surgeries, etc
What is critical thinking?
“The ability to think in a way that systematically questions and evaluates information using well supported evidence.”
What does critical thinking allow us to do?
avoid biased interpretations,
understand what we do and do not “know”,
and form testable hypotheses
What is nature?
“Who you are” based off of your genetics
What is nurture?
“Who you are” based off of your surroundings and influences
Rene Decartes
Dualism,
“I think therefore I am”
Wilhelm Windt
1832-1920
created first psychological lab in Leipzig, Germany in 1876
self-report measure (introspection)
E.B. Titchener
student of Wundt
structuralism
brought Wundt’s research of introspection to North America
first “great American psychologist”
William James
1842-1910
functionalism - functions of our thoughts and feelings
first to bring up a “stream of consciousness”
wrote The Principles of Psychology
Mary Whiton Calkins
1863-1930
memory
“The self”
studied at Harvard, but was denied her degree
first APA female president in 1905
John B. Watson
behaviorism - the scientific study of observable behavior
believed that there was no mind or thought, the behaviors were automatic
thinking was just a small movement in the larynx (back of throat)
B.F. Skinner
1904-1990
continued on behaviorism
operant conditioning
famous for the Skinner Box Experiment Paradigm
Sigmund Freud
1856-1939
first personality psychologist
psychodynamic theory and therapy
Id, ego, super ego (iceberg)
everything revolved around sex
George A. Miller
1920-2012
cognitive revolution (study of mental processes that differentially influence behaviors)
believed that there were underlying cognitive processes that influenced behavior
“software” > “hardware”
