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MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES > CHAPTER 6 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Self concept

A

the sum of the ways in which we describe outselves

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2
Q

Identities

A

individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong ie religion, sexual orientation

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3
Q

Gender identity

A

a person’s appraisal of him or herself on scales of masculinity and femininity

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4
Q

Androgyny

A

very male and female

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5
Q

Undifferentiated

A

not male or female

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6
Q

Ethnic idenitity

A

one’s ethnic group in which memebers typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage and langyage

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7
Q

Hierarchy of salience

A

a framework or organization of an individual’s identities in order of how frequently they are used and how likely they are to be used in a particular situation

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8
Q

Self-discrepancy theory

A

the theory that we have 3 selves: actual, ideal, ought

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9
Q

actual self

A

the person we are

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10
Q

ideal self

A

person we would like to be

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11
Q

ought self

A

representation of the way others think we should be

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12
Q

Self esteem

A

decribes our evaluation of ourselves, closer our selfs are together, higher self esteem

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13
Q

self-efficacy

A

our belief in our ability to succeed

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14
Q

overconfidence

A

the quality of having an unrealistically high opinion of one’s own judgment, ability, powers

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15
Q

locus of control

A

the way we characterize the influences in our lives

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16
Q

internal locus of control

A

controlling own fate

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17
Q

external locus of control

A

lives are caused by luck and outside influences

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18
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

A

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

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19
Q

Freud’s Oral stage

A

Libidinal energy centered on the mouth; fixation can lead to excessive dependency

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20
Q

Freud’s Anal stage

A

Toilet training occurs during this time; fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or messiness

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21
Q

Freud’s Phallic stage

A

Oedipal or Electra conflict is resolved during this stage

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22
Q

Freud’s Latency stage

A

libido is largely sublimated during this stage

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23
Q

Freud’s Genital stage

A

begins in puberty; if previous stages have been successfully resolved then person will enter into normal heterosexual relationships

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24
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development are based on the

A

tensions cause by the libido

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25
Q

Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development stem from

A

conflicts that occur throughout life

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26
Q

Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development (8)

A 
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust.
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt.
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority.
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion.
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation.
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation.
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair
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27
Q

Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development

  • the values gained at each stage (8)
A 
hope
will
purpose
competence
fidelity
love
care
wisdom.
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28
Q

Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development

  • ages (8)
A 
stage 1 0-1 
stage 2 1-3 
stage 3 3-6 
stage 4 7-12 
stage 5 12-20 
stage 6 20-40 
stage 7 40-65 
stage 8 65+
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29
Q

Preconvential morality

A

first of Kohlberg stages
is typical of preadolescent htinking and places an emphasis on the consequences of the moral choice

wants to maximize reward and decrease punishment

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30
Q

Preconvential morality stages

A

obedience

Self intrest

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31
Q

Convential morality

A

follows the law and will snitch you out if you break the law; teens and most adults

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32
Q

Convential morality stages

A

conformitity

law and order

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33
Q

Postconvential morality

A

makes their own morals and does what is right to benefit the most people. Only a select few adults are here

ADULTHOOD

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34
Q

Postconvential morality stages

A

social contract

universal human ethics

35
Q

Vygotsky work

A

focused on understnading cognitive development

36
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Vygotsky

refering to those skills and abilities that have not yet fully developed but are in the process of developmentr

37
Q

role-taking

A

reproducing the behavior of another individual

38
Q

theory of mind

A

ability to sense how another’s mind works

39
Q

looking-glass self

A

reaction to how others perceive us

describes the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them

40
Q

Reference group

A

the group in which we compare ourselves too

41
Q

Personality

A

describes the set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characterics of an infividual

42
Q

Sigmund Freud study of personality

A

3 major entities: the id, ego, superego

43
Q

id

A

consist of all the basic, primal and inborn urges to survive and reproduce

according to the pleasure principle

44
Q

pleasure principle

A

aim is to achieve immediate gratifaction to relieve any pent-up tension

45
Q

Primary process (id)

A

is the ids response to frustration- obtain satisfacton now, not later

46
Q

Wish fulfillmetn

A

mental imagery that fulfils this need for satisfaction

47
Q

ego

A

operates according to the reality principle
taking into accound objective reality as it guides or inhibits the activity of the id

responable for moderating the desires of the superego

48
Q

reality principle

A

which strives to satisfy the id’s desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways

49
Q

this is the part of you that wants stuff NOW

A

id

50
Q

this is the perfect angel version of yourself

A

Super ego

51
Q

everyday devsiion making you

A

ego

52
Q

iceberg

  • id
  • ego
  • superego
  • conscious
  • unconscious
A

above water is conscious
below water is unconscious

  • id is completely below
  • ego and superego are half and half
53
Q

Freud states our access to the id, ego, and superego falls into 3 main categories

A

preconscious-not aware
unconscious - repressed thoughts
conscious - access thought

54
Q

Repression

A

Unconciously removing an idea or feeling from conciousness

55
Q

Suppression

A

Conciously removing an idea or feeling form conciousness

56
Q

Regression

A

Returning to an earlier stage of development

57
Q

Reaction formation

A

An unacceptable impulse is transformed into its opposite

58
Q

Projection

A

Attribution of wishes, desires, thoughts, or emotions to someone else

59
Q

Rationalization

A

Justifacation of attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

60
Q

Displacement

A

changing the target of an emotion while the feelings remain the same

61
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling of an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable direction

62
Q

Jung

A

assumed a collective unconcious that links all humans together

personalitity as being influence by archetypes

63
Q

archetypes

A

images and themes that derive from the collective unconscious

64
Q

Jungian- Persona

A

the aspect of our personility we present to the world

65
Q

Jungian- Anima

A

a “man’s inner woman”

66
Q

Jungian- Animus

A

a “woman’s inner man”

67
Q

Jungian- Shadow

A

unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness

68
Q

Jungs 3 dichotomies of personality

A

Extraversion vs introversion, Sensing vs intuiting, Thinking vs feeling

69
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Inventory

A

classic personaility test

70
Q

Creative self

A

force by which each individual shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personaility

71
Q

Style of life

A

represents the manifestation of he creative self

72
Q

Humanistic theory

A

people are intrinsically good, with an innate drive to make themselves better

73
Q

5 Traits of personality

A

Openess, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)

74
Q

actualizing tendency

A

innate drive to maintain and enhance oneself

75
Q

Type theory

A

attempt to create a taxonomy of personaliity types

76
Q

Social Cognitive Theory

A

theory of behaviour change that emphasizes interactions between people and their environment

77
Q

Eysenck’s three major traits

A

PEN

pyscoticism
extraversion
neuroticsm

78
Q

neuroticism

A

arousal in stressful situations

79
Q

extraversion

A

tolerance fro social interactions and stimulation

80
Q

psychoticism

A

nonconformity

81
Q

Allport identified three basic types of traits

A

cardinal, central, secondary

82
Q

cardinal traits

A

traits around which a person organizes his or her life

83
Q

central traits

A

represents major characteristics of the personality

84
Q

secondary traits

A

more personal characteristics and are limited in occurrence

MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES (10 decks)

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