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MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES > CHAPTER 11 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 11 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

sociology

A

study of society

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2
Q

macrosociology

A

focuses on large groups and social structure

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3
Q

microsociology

A

focuses on small groups and the individual

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4
Q

social structure

A

system of people within a society organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships

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5
Q

Functionalism

A

study of the structure and function of each part of society

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6
Q

function

A

beneficial consequences of peoples actions

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7
Q

dysfunction

A

harmful consequences of people’s actions as they undermine a social system equilibrium

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8
Q

manifest function

A

action is intended to help some part of a system

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9
Q

latent functions

A

manifest functions that have unintended positive consequences on other parts of society

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10
Q

Conflict theory

A

based on the works of karl marx

focuses on how power differentials are created and how these differentials contribute to the maintenance of social order

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11
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

study of the ways individuals interact thorugh a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols

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12
Q

social constructionism

A

focuses on individuals putting together their social reality

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13
Q

Rational choice theory

A

focuses on decision making in an individual and attempts to reduce their process to a careful consideration of benefits and harms to the individual

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14
Q

Exchange theory

A

a sociological theory that focuses on interpersonal interactions. According to Exchange theory, a person is motivated by self-interest in their interpersonal interactions

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15
Q

Feminist theory

A

attempts to explain the social inequilities that exist on the basis of gender

focuses on the subordination of women through social structures

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16
Q

gender roles

A

refer to the behaviors expected of a given gender

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17
Q

glass ceiling

A

qualified person whishing to advance within the hierarchy of his/her organization is stopped at a lower level due to a discrimination most often based on sexism or racism

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18
Q

social institutions

A

well established social structure that dictate certain patterns of behavior or raltaionship

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19
Q

divorce rates in US

A

rose over second half of 20th century

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20
Q

hidden curriculum

A

infromation from school that involves tramiting social normas, attitudes, and beliefs to students

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21
Q

Religion

A

a pattern of social activities organized around a set of beliefs and practices

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22
Q

Religiosity

A

how religious one considers oneself

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23
Q

democracy

A

allows every citizen a political voice

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24
Q

monarchies

A

royal ruler although the rulers power may be significantly limited

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25
Q

dictatorship

A

a single person holds power

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26
Q

theocracy

A

a system where power is held by religious leader

27
Q

charismatic authority

A

a leader with a compelling personality

28
Q

Capitalist

A

focus on free markey trade

29
Q

four key tenets of medical ethics

A

Beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, justice

30
Q

Beneficence

A

act in patients best intrest

31
Q

nonmaleficence

A

do no harm, the physician has a responsibility to avoid treatment in which harm outweighs benefit

32
Q

autonomy

A

respect patients decision and choices

33
Q

justice

A

treat every patient the same

34
Q

material culture

A

meaning of objects in society

35
Q

symbolic culture

A

ideas that represent a group of people

36
Q

culture lag

A

symoblic culture slower than material culture

37
Q

values

A

what a person deems important in life

38
Q

belief

A

something a person accepts to be truth

39
Q

cultural barriers

A

when a cultual difference impedes interaction with others

40
Q

norms

A

are societal rules that define the boundarier of acceptable behavior

41
Q

ritual

A

formized ceremony that usally invovles specific material objects, symbolism, and additional mandates on acceptable behavior

42
Q

Demographics

A

refers to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology

43
Q

Ageism

A

prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person’s age

44
Q

Racialization

A

refers to the defination or estabilist of a group as a particular race

45
Q

Racial formation theory

A

race is a socially constructed concept with no basis in actual genetic or biological differences

46
Q

Ethnicity

A

social construct which sorts people by cultural factors

47
Q

Symbolic ethnicity

A

a specific connection to one’s ethnicity in which ethnic symbols and identity remain important even when an ethnic identity does not play a signific role in everyday life

48
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

defined as the direction of one’s secual interest

49
Q

demographic shifts

A

changes in makeup of a population over time

50
Q

population pyramids

A

histogram of populatiton size for different ages

51
Q

Fertility rate

A

average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population

52
Q

Mortality rates

A

dealths per 1000 people per year

53
Q

Migration rate

A

immigration rate - emmegration rate

54
Q

birth rate

A

children per 1000 people per year

55
Q

immigraiton

A

movement to new geo space

56
Q

emigration

A

movement away from geo space

57
Q

Demographic tranition

A

changes in birth and death rates as it develops to the industrial economic system

58
Q

Malthusian theory

A

how exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder

59
Q

Social movements

A

organized either to promote or resist social change

60
Q

proactive Social movements

A

promote

61
Q

reactive Social movements

A

resist

62
Q

Globalization

A

process of integrating the global economy with free trade and the tapping of foreign markets

63
Q

Urbanization

A

dense areas of the population, creating a pull for migration

MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES (10 decks)

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