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MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES > CHAPTER 10 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

self disclosure

A

sharing one’s fears, thoughts and goals

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2
Q

Reciprocal liking

A

people like others better when they believe the other person likes them

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3
Q

proximity

A

physically close to someone

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4
Q

mere exposure effect

A

familiarity effect

people who prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently

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5
Q

Aggresopm

A

behavior that intends to cause harm or increase social dominance

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6
Q

Higher testosterone affect on aggresion

A

increased

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7
Q

cognitive neoassociaation model

A

states that we are more liekly to respond to others aggressively when we are feeling negative emotions

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8
Q

Attachment

A

emootional bond between the caregiver and child

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9
Q

Secure attachment

A

child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore, since he has a secure base to return to

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10
Q

avoidant attachemnt

A

caregiver has little to no repsonse to a distressed child

little or no distress when caregiver leaves

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11
Q

Ambivalent attachment

A

cargiver has an inconsistant response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectfully

child is unable to form a secure base as she cannot rely on the givers response

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12
Q

Disorganized attachment

A

shoe no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregivers abense or presence, but instead can show a mix of different behavior

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13
Q

Social support

A

is the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

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14
Q

Emotional support

A

listening, addirming, and empathizing with someones feelings

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15
Q

Esteem support

A

touches more directly on affirming the qualities and skills of a person

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16
Q

Material support

A

type of financial or material contribution to another person

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17
Q

Infromational support

A

providing information that will help someone

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18
Q

Network support

A

type of social support that gives a person a sense of belonging

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19
Q

foraging

A

seeking out and eating food , biological, psychological, and social influences

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20
Q

Hunger is controlled by the

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

Mating system

A

organization of a group’s sexual behavior

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22
Q

Monogamy

A

exclusive mating relationship

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23
Q

polygamy

A

involves a relationships with multiple people

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24
Q

Polygandry

A

female having exclusive relationships with multiple males

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25
Q

Polygyny

A

exlusive relationships with mutiple females

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26
Q

Mate choice

A

selection of a mate based on attraction

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27
Q

Mate bias

A

refers to how choosy memebers of the species are while choosing a mate

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28
Q

Direct benefits mate bias

A

providing material advantages, protection, or emotional support

advantages to the mate

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29
Q

Indirect benefits mate bias

A

advantages to offspring

promoting better survival in offspring

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30
Q

Phenotypic benefits

A

obserbale traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex

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31
Q

Sensory bias

A

development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population

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32
Q

Fisherian or runaway selection

A

a positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait that has no effect or negative effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated over time

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33
Q

Indicator traits

A

traits that signify overall good health and well being of an organism, increasing its attractiveness to mates

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34
Q

Indicator traits

A

traits that signify overall good health and well-being of an organism, increasing its attractiveness to mates

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35
Q

Genetic compatibility

A

the creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics

36
Q

Altruism

A

form of helping behaviour in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost

37
Q

Empathy

A

ability to vicariously experience the emotion of another

38
Q

empthay-altruism hypothesis

A

relationship between empthay and helping behavior

39
Q

Game theory

A

attempts to explain decision-making behavior

game payoffs refer to fitness

40
Q

Game theory:

the donor provides benefits to the recipient at a cost to him - or herself

A

altruism

41
Q

Game theory:

both the donor and recipient benefit by cooperating

A

cooperation

42
Q

both the donor and recipient are negatively impacted

A

spite

43
Q

the donor benefits while the recipient is negatively impacted

A

selfishness

44
Q

inclusive fitness

A

the measure of an organism’s success in the population

success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others

45
Q

Social perception

A

provides the tools to make judgements and impressions regarding other people

46
Q

three primary components of social perception

A

the perceiver, the target, and the situation

47
Q

Impression bias

A

impression bias refers to a limitation of human information processing in which people

48
Q

primacy effect

A

idea that first impressions are often more important than subsequent impressions

49
Q

recency effect

A

most recent inofrmation we have on an person is most important

50
Q

reliance on central traits

A

individuals tend to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics of the target that are most relevant to the perceiver

51
Q

implicit personality theory

A

set of assumptions people make about how different types of people, their traits, and their behavior are related

52
Q

stereotyping

A

making assumptions about people based on the category in which they are placed

53
Q

Halo effect

A

cognitive bias in which judgments about a specific aspect of an individual can be affected by one’s overall impression of the individual

54
Q

just-world hypothesis

A

good things happen to good people, and bad things happen to bad people

55
Q

self serving bias

A

refers to the fact that individuals will view their own success based on internal failures and viewing failures based on external factors

56
Q

self-enhancement

A

focuses on the need to maintain self-worth and can be done through internal attribution of success and external attributions of failures

57
Q

attribution theory

A

focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other peoples behavior

58
Q

Disposition attributions

A

INTERNAL are those that relate to the person whose behavior is being considered

59
Q

Situational attributions

A

EXTERNAL are those that relate to features of the surrounding, such as threats, money, social norms, and peer pressure

60
Q

Consistency cues

A

has consistent behaviour over time

61
Q

Consensus cues

A

matches other’s behaviour

62
Q

Distinctiveness cues

A

uses similar behaviour in similar situations

63
Q

correspondent inference theory

A

takes this concepts one step further by focusing on the intentionality of others behavior

64
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

posists that we are generally biased towards making dispositional attributions rather than situational attribtions especially in negative contexts

assuming someone didn’t do something because they are lazy (dispositional attribtiion) rather than sickness (situational attribution)

65
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

results from the self-serving bias by the actor

and the fundamental attribution error by the observer

due to our unique knowledge about our own actions, we are more likely to make situational attribution for the self as compared to others

66
Q

attribute substitution

A

occurs when individuals must make judgments that are complex but instead they substitute a simpler solution or apply a heuristic

67
Q

Stereotypes

A

cognitive

68
Q

Prejudice

A

affective

69
Q

discrimination

A

behavioural

70
Q

stereotype content model

A

attempts to classify stereotypes with respect to a hypothetical in group using two dimensions: warmth and competence

71
Q

Paternalistic stereotype

A

low status, not competitive

72
Q

Admiration stereotype

A

high status, not competitive

73
Q

Contemptuous stereotype

A

low status, competitive

74
Q

Envious stereotype

A

high status, competitive

75
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

unique phenomenon in which a prediction or expectation comes true simply because the person believes it will and they (consciously or subconsciously) align their actions to make it come true.

76
Q

Stereotype threat

A

concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group

77
Q

Propaganda

A

the common way by which a large organization and political groups attempt to create prejudices in others

78
Q

power

A

refers to the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite any obstancles

79
Q

prestige

A

level of respect show to a person by others

80
Q

class

A

refers to socioeconomic status

81
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

refers to the practive of making judgements about others cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture

82
Q

in group

A

a social group that a person identifies with

83
Q

outgroup

A

refers to a social group that a person does not identify with

84
Q

cultural relativism

A

the perception of another culture as different from one’s own but with the recognition that the cultural value and rules fit into that culture itself

85
Q

Individual discrimination

A

one person’s discrimination against a person or group

86
Q

institutional discrimination

A

entire institution discrimination against a person or group

87
Q

game theory study

A

deicison-making behavior

MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES (10 decks)

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