Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Intro to Nutrition > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

lipids

A

class of nutrients that do not dissolve in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

three types of lipids

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major functions of lipids in the body

A
  • absorb fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals
  • cushion the body
  • cell membranes
  • cell signaling
  • insulate
  • produce steriod hormones
  • provide and store energy (triglyclerides)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fatty acid

A

hydrocarbon chain found in lipids; one end of the chain forms a carboxylic acid, and one end forms a methyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

omega (methyl) end

A

end of a fatty acid containing a methyl (—CH3) group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

omega (methyl) end

A

end of a fatty acid containing a methyl (—CH3) group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

carboxylic acid

A

organic molecule with a carboxyl (—COOH) group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

short-chain vs. medium-chain vs. long-chain fatty acids

A

short 2-4
medium 6-12
long 14-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

saturated fatty acid (SFA)

A

fatty acid that has each carbon atom within the chain filled with hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

fatty acid that is missing hydrogen atoms and has one or more double bonds within the carbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)

A

fatty acid that has one double bond within the carbon chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)

A

fatty acid that has two or more double bonds within the carbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

omega-3 fatty acid

A

type of polyunsaturated fatty acid with the first double bond at the third carbon from the omega end of the molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

omega-6 fatty acid

A

type of polyunsaturated fatty acid with the first double bond at the sixth carbon from the omega end of the molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

essential fatty acids

A

fatty acids that must be supplied by the diet; linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid are essential fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

arachidonic acid (AA)

A

essential fatty acid; precursor to some eicosanoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

A

essential fatty acid; precursor to some eicosanoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

A

essential fatty acid; precursor to some eicosanoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

eicosanoids

A

group of long-chain fatty acids with hormonelike functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

prostaglandins

A

class of eicosanoids that produce a variety of important effects on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

trans fats

A

unsaturated fatty acids that have a trans double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

partial hydrogenation

A

food manufacturing process that adds hydrogen atoms to liquid vegetable oil, forming trans fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

triglyceride

A

lipid that has three fatty acids attached to a three-carbon compound called glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

monoglyceride

A

lipid that has one fatty acid attached to a three-carbon compound called glycerol

25
diglyceride
lipid that has two fatty acids attached to a three-carbon compound called glycerol
26
phospholipid
type of lipid needed to make cell membranes and for proper functioning of nerve cells; chemically similar to a triglyceride, except that one of the fatty acids is replaced by a chemical group that contains phosphorus
27
hydrophilic
part of a molecule that attracts water
28
hydrophobic
part of a molecule that avoids water and attracts lipids
29
emulsifier
substance that helps water-soluble and water-insoluble compounds mix with each other
30
choline
water-soluble, vitamin-like compound; component of lecithin
31
cholesterol
lipid found in animal foods; precursor for steroid hormones, bile, and vitamin D
32
sterols
type of lipid that has a more complex chemical structure than triglycerides and phospholipids
33
plant sterols/stanols
chemicals found in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol
34
lipases
enzymes that break down lipids
35
pancreatic lipase
digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule
36
bile salts
component of bile; aid in lipid digestion
37
pancreatic lipase
digests triglycerides by removing two fatty acids, which breaks them down to monoglycerides or glycerol and fatty acids
38
chylomicron
type of lipoprotein formed in enterocytes to transport lipids away from the GI tract
39
lipoproteins
water-soluble structures that transport lipids through the bloodstream
40
lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
enzyme in capillary walls that breaks down triglycerides
41
very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
lipoprotein made in the liver; carries much of the triglycerides in the bloodstream
42
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
lipoprotein that carries cholesterol into tissues; elevated LDL is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease
43
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
lipoprotein that transports cholesterol away from tissues and to the liver, where it can be eliminated; low HDL is linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease
44
enterohepatic circulation
process that recycles bile salts in the body
45
gallstones
hard particles that can accumulate in the gallbladder or become lodged in one of the ducts carrying bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine
46
cholecystectomy
surgery to remove a diseased gallbladder
47
Gaucher disease
most common lipid storage disease; caused by a deficiency of an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism
48
how much fat does the AMDR recomend daily
20-35 % of calories
49
cardiovascular disease (CVD)
group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels; includes coronary artery disease, stroke, and disease of the blood vessels
50
atherosclerosis
long-term disease process in which plaque builds up inside arterial walls
51
arteriosclerosis
condition that results from atherosclerosis and is characterized by loss of arterial flexibility
52
thrombus
fixed bunch of clots that remain in place and disrupt blood flow
53
heart attack medical term
myocardial infarction
54
stroke
clot blocks an artery in the brain; brain cells that are nourished by the vessel die
55
embolus
thrombus or part of a plaque that breaks free and travels through the bloodstream
56
hypertension
abnormally high blood pressure levels that persist even when the person is relaxed
57
CVD nonmodifiable risks
genetics age male sex race/ethnic background
58
oxidized LDL
LDL that has been damaged by free radicals

Intro to Nutrition (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions