Chapter 1

Question 1

nutrients

Answer 1

life-sustaining substances in food

Question 2

nutrition

Answer 2

scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them

Question 3

diet

Answer 3

a person’s usual pattern of food choices

Question 4

metabolism

Answer 4

total of all the chemical processes that occur in living cells

Question 5

element

Answer 5

a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means

Question 6

organic

Answer 6

(chemistry) refers to compounds that contain carbon

Question 7

inorganic

Answer 7

refers to substances that do not contain carbon

Question 8

essential nutrient

Answer 8

nutrient that must be supplied by food

Question 9

deficiency disease

Answer 9

state of health characterized by certain abnormal physiological changes that occur when the body lacks a nutrient

Question 10

signs

Answer 10

physical changes associated with a disease state that are observable or measurable

Question 11

symptoms

Answer 11

subjective complaints of ill health that may be difficult to observe or measure

Question 12

conditionally essential nutrients

Answer 12

nutrients that are normally not essential but become essential under certain conditions, such as during a serious illness

Question 13

macronutrients

Answer 13

nutrients that the body needs in large amounts

Question 14

micronutrients

Answer 14

nutrients that the body needs in very small amounts

Question 15

phytochemicals

Answer 15

substances in plants that are not nutrients but may have healthful benefits

Question 16

calorie

Answer 16

amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g (1 ml) of water 1° Celsius (C)

Question 17

kilocalorie (kcal) or Calorie

Answer 17

the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 g (1 liter) of water 1° Celsius (C)

Question 18

bomb calorimeter

Answer 18

device used to measure the calories in a sample of food

Question 19

Food Energy for

1. Protein
2. Carb
3. Fat
4. Alcohol

Answer 19

1. 4
2. 4
3. 9
4. 7

Question 20

chronic

Answer 20

continuing or occurring again and again for a long time

Question 21

risk factor

Answer 21

attribute, characteristic, or exposure that increases a person’s chances of developing a chronic disease

Question 22

registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) or registered dietitian (RD)

Answer 22

college-trained health care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics

Question 23

dietetics

Answer 23

application of nutrition and food information to achieve and maintain optimal health and to treat many health-related conditions

Question 24

nutrient-dense

Answer 24

describes a food that supplies more key beneficial nutrients and less solid fat, added sugars, refined starches, and sodium in relation to its caloric content

Question 25

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA)

Answer 25

federal legislation that allows manufacturers to classify nutrient supplements and herbal products as foods

Question 26

physiological dose

Answer 26

amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally

Question 27

megadose

Answer 27

amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount of the nutrient and most commonly results from supplement consumption