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Intro to Nutrition > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Infancy

A

birth to 12 month

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2
Q

newborn

A

first four weeks of life

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3
Q

the first stool passed by the newborn

A

meconium

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4
Q

average infants double their weight by

A

4 to 6 months

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5
Q

by end of one year infants ____ their weight and increase in length ___ percent

A

tripple

50%

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6
Q

healthcare providers can estimate brain growth of infants by _____

A

monitoring changes in head circumference

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7
Q

During the first three months, infants need about _____ kcal/kg body weight daily

A

108

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8
Q

the AI for protein for first 6 months is ____ g/kg body weight. The reduces to ____.

A
  1. 52

1. 2

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9
Q

breast milk and formula both have ____ % calories from fat

A

55%

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10
Q

Breast milk natural provides these fatty acids and they are added to formulas

A

arachidonic acid (AA)

docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)

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11
Q

main carbohydrate

A

lactose

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12
Q

why cant babies have cereals or starchy foods before 4 months

A

lack enzyme amylase

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13
Q

compared to formula fed, breastfed infants have

A

lower risk of infections
lower risk of SIDS
lower risk of asthma, allergies, obesity, leukemia, and type 1 diabetes

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14
Q

formula vs breastmilk with protein

A

formula has more protein bc reduced digestibility

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15
Q

classes of infant formula

A

cow’s milk-based
soy based
specialized formulas

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16
Q

class of infant formula containing predigested protein that has been hydfrolyzed to polypeptides and free amino acids

A

hypoallergenic formulas

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17
Q

alternatrive to soy based formulas for allergic infants

A

hypoallergenic formulas

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18
Q

infant formula containing protein that has been completely to free amino acids

A

amino acid formulas

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19
Q

formulas for allergic infants who refuse the poor taste of hydrolyzed formulas

A

amino acid formulas

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20
Q

first foods fed to infants during weaning

A

complementary foods

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21
Q

when should complementary foods be introduced

A

4 to 6 months

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22
Q

gradual process of shifting from a liquid to a solid food diet in infants

A

weaning

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23
Q

what following signs indicate that an infant is ready for complementary foods

A
  • can sit with some back support
  • lost extrusion reflex
  • can hold head up
  • shows interest in food
  • open mouth when see food
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24
Q

iron needs increase from ___ during first 6 months to ___ from 6 to 12 months.

A

0.3 mg/day

11 mg/day

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25
Q

best food for iron for infants

A

infant cereal

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26
Q

assumin average intake of breastmilk, solid food should provide an additional

A

200 for 6 to 8 months
300 for 8 to 11 months
500 for 12 to 23 months

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27
Q

how to add foods to test allergies

A

add one food for a 3 to 5 day period

28
Q

babies should not be given fruit juice until

A

12 months of age

29
Q

avoid added sugar until infants are

A

2 yrs old

30
Q

foods to avoid during infancy

A
  • honey
  • cow or goat milk
  • nonfat foods
  • processed foods
  • small, har, or course foods
31
Q

why not honey?

A

conatains clostridium botulinum

32
Q

toddler

A

1 to 3 years

33
Q

preschool age

A

3 to 5 years

34
Q

from 1 to 2 years…
child gains ___ lbs
increses ___ in length

A

4 to 5 lbs

2.5 to 3 inches

35
Q

___ year olds have a full set of teeth

A

2 yr old

36
Q

by age ___ most children can use fork and spoon

A

3

37
Q

what stage can they make decision

A

toddler (autonomy)

38
Q

calories depong on

A

body size
gender
physical activity

39
Q

EER

A

89 * kg of weight - 80

40
Q

RDA for protein for toddlers and preschool age

A

13 g/day toddlers

19 for preschool

41
Q

AI for fiber for toddler and preschoolers

A

19 g/day

25 g/day

42
Q

fat for toddler and presschool

A

20 to 40% fat

43
Q

toddler and preschool concerns in diet

A

low in potassium, fiber, vit E and D, fruit, veggies, whole grains

high in sodium and sugar

44
Q

federal program that provides funds to state governments so that they can help specific populations obtain certain supplemental foods, basic healthcare services, and nutrition education

A

special supplemental nutrition assistance program for women, infants, and children
WIC

45
Q

periods in which young child refuses to eat a food they liked in the past or will only eat certain foods

A

food jags

46
Q

school age children

A

6 to 11 years

47
Q

school age children..
___ lbs per year
____ inches per year

A

5 pounds

2 to 3 inches

48
Q

period of life that begins at puberty end at adulthood

A

adolescence

49
Q

adolescent ages

A

12 to 19

50
Q

second most rapid period of growth

A

adolescence

51
Q

period of rapid increase in growth

A

growth spurt

52
Q

during growth spurt
female ___
male___

A

ovaries secreate estrogen

testes secrete testosterone

hormones increase bone growth

53
Q

a person reaches their adult height when ____

A

epiphyseal plates close

54
Q

underweight bmi

A

under 18.5

55
Q

adolescence
saturated fat intake ____
fiber intake _____

A

12% fat

  1. 7 g/day fiber males
  2. 5 g/day fiber females
56
Q

new cell synthesis

A

folate

vitamin B12

57
Q

collagen formation

A

vitamin C

58
Q

Protein metabolism

A

vitamin B6

59
Q

bone development

A

Vitamin A, D, K

60
Q

RDA for iron increases to ____from 14 to 18 years for females bc of bleeding

A

15 mg/day

61
Q

____ % of children between 2 and 19 have obesity

A

19 %

62
Q

___ % between ages 16 and 19 have obesity

A

42 percent

63
Q 
BMI percentile for
underweight
normal weight
overweight
obese
A

under 5th
5th to 85th
85th to 95th
more than 95th

64
Q

factors that make children obese

A
  • family history of obesity
  • obesity during pregnancy
  • maternal undernutrition
  • tabacco exposure
  • diabetes during pregnancy
65
Q

how to prevent childhood obesity

A

breastfeed for 6 months and continue while adding foods

encourange consumption of prebiotic and probiotic foods

66
Q

obesity treatment

A 
low carb diets
low glycemic index
low fat diets
high protein diets
intermittent fasting
bariatric surgery

Intro to Nutrition (14 decks)

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