Chapter 6-10 Flashcards
Muscular system movement
all require energy
Where do muscles come from?
mesenchymal cells
Mesenchymal cells
various locations throughout embryo
Functions of Muscular System
- produce movement of skeleton
- maintain posture and body position
- support soft tissue
- guard entrances and exits
- maintain body temperature
Endomysium
surrounds each individual cell
Tendon sheaths
reduce friction
Trigger for muscle contraction
calcium ions released by the SR
Proprioception
recruiting more muscle units when in an unstable environment
Muscle Mechanics
force generated can be increased by increasing frequency of action potentials or by recruiting additional motor units
What are muscles producing at rest?
glycogen
Most deep ab muscle?
transverse abdominis
SITS
supraspinatus, infraspinaturs, teres minor, subscapularis
Sartorius
crosses one leg over another
osteocytes
within lacuna (holes) in matrix and between lamellae of matrix
Osteoclasts
breakdown bone and source of acid, enzymes for oseolysis
Osteoblasts
responsible osteogenesis (new bone)
Growth hormone decrease
after and during puberty
What does growth hormone cause?
increased epiphyseal activity
Low growth hormone
decreased epiphyseal activity
PTH cause increased activity of what cell?
osteoclasts = release Ca2+
Sella turcica and sphenoid bone protect what?
pituitary gland
Sinuses structure and function
light weight, triangles = strong
A joint
cannot be both highly mobile and very strong
Intervertebral discs
absorb shock
ACL and PCL
cruciate ligaments that limit the anterior and posterior movement of the knee
Supraspinatus
abduction
Infraspinatus
external rotation
Teres minor
external rotation
Subscaupularis
internal rotation
