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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Ventricles

A

fluid-filled chambers that are continuous to one another and to the central canal of spinal cord

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2
Q

What are ventricles filled with?

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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3
Q

What are ventricles lined by?

A

ependymal cells (neuroglia cells)

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4
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

is the interval between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater

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5
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

form superior part of brain

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6
Q

Cerebral hemispheres amount how much brain mass?

A

83%

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7
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

is “executive space” of brain and site of conscious mind

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8
Q

Conscious mind functions

A

awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding

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9
Q

Broca’s area

A

motor speech area that directs muscles of speech production

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10
Q

Pyramid cells

A

large neurons that allow conscious control of precise, skilled, skeletal muscle movements

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11
Q

Pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts

A

formed from long axons that project down spinal cord

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12
Q

Motor homunculi

A

upside-down caricatures represent contralateral motor innervation of body regions

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13
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

premotor cortex, broca’s area, frontal eye field, visual areas, auditory areas, vestibular cortex, olfactory cortex, gustatory and visceral sensory area, multimodal association areas, anterior association area, posterior association area

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14
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

receives general sensory information from skin and proprioceptors of skeletal muscle, joints, and tendons

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15
Q

Somatosensory homunculus

A

upside-down caricatures represent contralateral sensory input from body regions

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16
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

involved in understanding written and spoken language

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17
Q

Limbic association area

A

provides emotional impact that makes a scene important to us and helps establish memories

18
Q

Thalamus

A

acts to mediate sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning and memory

19
Q

Infundibulum

A

stalk the connects to pituitary gland

20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

main visceral control and regulating center that is vital to homeostasis

21
Q

Chief homeostasis controls

A

controls autonomic nervous system and initiates physical responses to emotions

22
Q

Hypothalamus functions

A

regulated body temperature, regulated hunger and satiety in response to nutrient blood levels or hormones, regulates water balance and thirst, regulates sleep-wake cycles, controls endocrine system functions

23
Q

Pineal gland (body

A

secretes melatonin that helps regulate sleep-wake cycle

24
Q

Brain stem three regions

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

25
Q

Substantia nigra

A

functionally linked to basal nuclei and degeneration of this area occurs in Parkinson’s disease

26
Q

Pons

A

maintain normal rhythm of breathing

27
Q

Medulla oblongata contains what?

A

choroid plexus

28
Q

Choroid plexus

A

capillary-rich membrane that forms cerebral spinal fluid

29
Q

Functional groups of medulla

A

cardiovascular and respiratory centers

30
Q

Cerebellum

A

major role in balance

31
Q

Limbic system includes

A

amygdaloid body and cingulate gyrus

32
Q

Limbic system function

A

puts emotional responses to odors

output relayed via hypothalamus

33
Q

Hypothalamus plays a role in what kind of illnesses?

A

psychosomatic illnesses

34
Q

Reticular activation system (RAS)

A

conscious and alert, filters out receptive, familiar, or weak stimuli

35
Q

Meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

36
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

forms a liquid cushion of constant volume around brain

37
Q

Choroid plexus

A

cluster of capillaries that hangs from roof of each ventricle, enclosed by pia mater and surrounding layers of ependymal cells

38
Q

Substances must pass through three layers before gaining entry to neurons

A
  • continuous endothelium of capillary walls
  • thick basal lamina around capillaries
  • feet of astrocytes surround neurons
39
Q

Epidural space

A

cushion of fat and network of veins in space between vertebrae and spinal dura mater

40
Q

Cauda equina

A

collection of nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal

41
Q

Spinal Cord cross-section anatomy

A

gray matter is located in core, white matter outside

42
Q

Central canal

A

runs length of cord and filled with CSF

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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