Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Human cells have three basic parts

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

flexible outer boundary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

intracellular fluid containing organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nucleus

A

DNA containing control center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lipid bilayer is made up of

A

75% phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two parts of phospholipids

A

phosphate heads and fatty acid tails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phosphate heads

A

polar and hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fatty acids tails

A

non polar and hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Integral proteins

A

firmly inserted into membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Integral protein function

A

transport proteins, enzymes, or receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

loosely attached to integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Peripheral proteins function

A

enzymes, motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contraction, cell-to-cell connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glycocalyx function

A

specific biological markers for cell-to-cell recognition

allows immune system to recognize “self” vs. “non self”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tight Junctions

A

integral proteins on adjacent cells fuse to form an impermeable junction that encircles whole cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Desmosomes

A

rivet-like cell junction formed when linker proteins of neighboring cells interlock like the teeth of a zipper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gap Junctions

A

transmembrane proteins form tunnels that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell

17
Q

Passive Tranport

energy or no?

18
Q

Types of passive transport

A

diffusion and filtration

19
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of molecules down their concentration gradients (from high to low)

20
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure of water inside cell pushing on membrane

21
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

tendency of water to move into cell by osmosis

22
Q

Isotonic solution

A

same osmolarity as inside the cell, so volume remains unchanged

23
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

higher osmolarity than inside the cell, so water flows out of cell, resulting in cell shrinking

24
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

lower osmolarity than inside cell, so water flows into cell, resulting in cell swelling

25
Shrinking is referred to as
crenation
26
Cell bursting is referred to as
lysing
27
Active Transport
moves solutes against their concentration gradient (from low to high) -required energy (ATP)
28
Endocytosis
involves formation of protein-coated vesicles
29
Phagocytosis
type of endocytosis that is referred to as "cell eating"
30
Who is phagocytosis used by?
macrophages and certain other white blood cells
31
Pinocytosis
type of endocytosis that is referred to as "cell drinking" or fluid-phase endocytosis
32
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
involves endocytosis and transcytosis of specific molecules