Chapter 4

Question 1

Epithelial tissue (epithelium)

Answer 1

a sheet of cells that covers body surfaces or cavities

Question 2

Functions of epithelium

Answer 2

protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception

Question 3

Five distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular, but innervated, regeneration

Question 4

Apical surface

Answer 4

upper free side, exposed to surface or cavity

Question 5

Basal surface

Answer 5

lower attached side, faces inwards toward body

Question 6

Simple epithelia

Answer 6

single layer thick

Question 7

Stratified epithelia

Answer 7

two or more layers thick and involved in protection

Question 8

Squamous

Answer 8

flattened and scale-like

Question 9

Cuboidal

Answer 9

box-like, cube

Question 10

Columnar

Answer 10

tall, column-like

Question 11

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 11

cells are flattened laterally, and cytoplasm is sparse

Question 12

Simple Columnar epithelium location

Answer 12

ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus

smooth (nonciliated tissues) are in digestive tract and bladder

Question 13

Simple columnar epithelium function

Answer 13

absorbs, it also secretes mucous and enzymes

Question 14

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium location

Answer 14

ciliated tissue lines the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract

Question 15

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

Answer 15

secretes mucus, ciliated tissue moves mucus

Question 16

Transitional epithelium location

Answer 16

lines the bladder, urethra, and the ureters

Question 17

Transitional epithelium function

Answer 17

allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch

Question 18

Endocrine glands

Answer 18

ductless glands

Question 19

Endocrine glands secretion

Answer 19

secrete (by exocytosis) hormones

Question 20

Exocrine glands

Answer 20

secretions are released onto body surfaces, such as skin or body cavities via ducts

Question 21

Connective tissue types

Answer 21

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

Question 22

Connective tissue proper

Answer 22

consists of all connective tissues expect bone, cartilage and blood

Question 23

Osteocytes

Answer 23

maintain the matrix

Question 24

Osteons

Answer 24

individual structural units

Question 25

Blood

Answer 25

most atypical connective tissue because it is a fluid and consists of cells surrounded by matrix (plasma)

Question 26

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 26

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 27

Neurons

Answer 27

specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses

Question 28

Regeneration

Answer 28

same kind of tissue replaces destroyed tissue, so original function is restored

Question 29

Fibrosis

Answer 29

connective tissue replaces destroyed tissue, and original function lost

Question 30

Steps in tissue repair

Answer 30

Inflammation sets stage
Organization restores blood supply
Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair