Chapter 21 Flashcards
Primary function of the immune system
provides resistance to disease
2 intrinsic systems that make up the immune system
innate and adaptive
Primary structures of innate immunity
surface barriers and internal defenses
Primary structures of adaptive immunity
humoral and cellular immunity
“first line of defense”
surface barriers
“second line of defense”
cells and chemicals
Primary role of NK
- police blood and lymph
- attack cells that lack “self” cell-surface receptors
Four cardinal signs of inflammation
redness, heat, swelling, and pain
Stages of inflammation
- inflammatory chemical release
- vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
- phagocyte mobilization
Role of antimicrobial proteins
enhance innate defense
Process of fever
abnormally high body temperatures that is systemic response to invading microorganisms
Antigen
substance that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response
Primary immune response
cell proliferation and differentiation upon exposure to antigen for the first time
Secondary immune response
re-exposure to same antigen gives faster, more prolonged more effective response
Naturally acquired
formed in response to actual bacterial or viral infection
Artificially acquired
formed in response to actual bacterial or viral infection
Antibody
proteins secreted by plasma cells
5 major calluses of antibodies
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
Cytokine
chemical messengers of immune system
Role of Cytokine
mediate cell development, differentiation, and responses in immune system
Hypersensitivity
immune responses to perceived (otherwise harmless) threat that cause tissue damage
Antibodies involved in an immediate hypersensitivity
IgE
Antibodies involved in an immediate hypersensitivity
IgE
When the term “immune response” is used, it refers to:
adaptive (acquired) immunity
T lymphocytes are formed in the thymus and
make up the cell-mediated immunity which is responsible for the defense against intracellular microbes
During a secondary immune response, you would expect
a faster response after a primary immune response
Humoral immunity refers to
the reaction of the B lymphocytes within the liquid, non-cellular components of the blood such as plasma and lymphatic fluid
