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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Nephrons

A

structural and functional units that form urine

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2
Q

Two parts of nephrons

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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3
Q

What do urinary medications focus on?

A

Loop of Henle

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4
Q

Glomerulus

A

capillaries are specialized for filtration

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5
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

enters glomerulus

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6
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

leaves glomerulus

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7
Q

Vasa recta

A

function in formation of concentrated urine

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8
Q

Juxtaglomerular complex

A

regulating rate of filtrate formation and blood pressure

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9
Q

Three processes involved in urine formation

A

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

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10
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

passive process

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11
Q

Filtration membrane

A

hydrostatic pressure forces fluid and solutes through

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12
Q

Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries

A

essentially glomerular blood pressure

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13
Q

What is the chief force pushing water, solutes out of blood?

A

hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

High-resistance vessel

A

efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than afferent ateriole

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15
Q

GFR

A

volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys

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16
Q

What does GFR affect?

A

systemic blood pressure

17
Q

increased GFR causes

A

increase urine output = lower blood pressure

18
Q

Goal of extrinsic controls

A

maintain systemic blood pressure

19
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldoesterone mechanism

A

main mechanism for increasing blood pressure via sympathetic nervous system

20
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

quickly reclaims most of tubular contents and returns them to the blood

21
Q

Substances can follow two routes

A

transcellular and paracellular

22
Q

What is the most abundant cation in filtrate?

A

Na+

23
Q

What creates the osmotic gradient for water?

A

movement of Na+

24
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

almost all uric acid

25
Q

Nephron loop

A

descending and amending limbs

26
Q

Descending limbs

A

H2O can leave, solutes cannot

27
Q

Ascending limb

A

H2O cannot leave, solutes can

28
Q

Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

A

reabsorption is hormonally regulated in these areas

29
Q

Aldosterone

A

targets collecting ducts and distal DCT

-promotes Na+ reabsorption

30
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide

A

reduces blood Na+ leads in decreased blood pressure

31
Q

Chemicals that enhance urinary output

A

ADH inhibitors, such as alcohol

32
Q

Layers of bladder wall

A

mucosa, muscular layer, fibrous adventitia

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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