Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Nephrons

A

structural and functional units that form urine

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2
Q

Two parts of nephrons

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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3
Q

What do urinary medications focus on?

A

Loop of Henle

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4
Q

Glomerulus

A

capillaries are specialized for filtration

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5
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

enters glomerulus

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6
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

leaves glomerulus

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7
Q

Vasa recta

A

function in formation of concentrated urine

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8
Q

Juxtaglomerular complex

A

regulating rate of filtrate formation and blood pressure

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9
Q

Three processes involved in urine formation

A

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

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10
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

passive process

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11
Q

Filtration membrane

A

hydrostatic pressure forces fluid and solutes through

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12
Q

Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries

A

essentially glomerular blood pressure

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13
Q

What is the chief force pushing water, solutes out of blood?

A

hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

High-resistance vessel

A

efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than afferent ateriole

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15
Q

GFR

A

volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys

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16
Q

What does GFR affect?

A

systemic blood pressure

17
Q

increased GFR causes

A

increase urine output = lower blood pressure

18
Q

Goal of extrinsic controls

A

maintain systemic blood pressure

19
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldoesterone mechanism

A

main mechanism for increasing blood pressure via sympathetic nervous system

20
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

quickly reclaims most of tubular contents and returns them to the blood

21
Q

Substances can follow two routes

A

transcellular and paracellular

22
Q

What is the most abundant cation in filtrate?

23
Q

What creates the osmotic gradient for water?

A

movement of Na+

24
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

almost all uric acid

25
Nephron loop
descending and amending limbs
26
Descending limbs
H2O can leave, solutes cannot
27
Ascending limb
H2O cannot leave, solutes can
28
Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
reabsorption is hormonally regulated in these areas
29
Aldosterone
targets collecting ducts and distal DCT | -promotes Na+ reabsorption
30
Atrial natriuretic peptide
reduces blood Na+ leads in decreased blood pressure
31
Chemicals that enhance urinary output
ADH inhibitors, such as alcohol
32
Layers of bladder wall
mucosa, muscular layer, fibrous adventitia