Chapter 5

Question 1

superficial fascia

Answer 1

superficial to the tough connective tissue wrapping the skeletal muscle (called fascia)

Question 2

Epidermis layers from superficial to deep

Answer 2

stratum corneum, stratum lucid, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 3

Epidermis layers from deep to superficial

Answer 3

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucid, stratum corneum

Question 4

Keratinocytes

Answer 4

produce keratin

Question 5

Four distinct cell types

Answer 5

keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, tactile cells

Question 6

Dendritic cells

Answer 6

star-shaped macrophages = phagocytic

AKA: Langerhans cells

Question 7

Tactile cells function

Answer 7

sensory receptor for touch

Question 8

Stratum corneum

Answer 8

AKA: horny layer

Question 9

Stratum lucidum

Answer 9

clear layer

Question 10

Tonofilaments

Answer 10

are keratin intermediate filaments that makes up tonofibrils in the epithelial tissue

Question 11

Stratum granulosum

Answer 11

granular layer

Question 12

Stratum spinosum

Answer 12

prickly layer

Question 13

Stratum basale

Answer 13

basal layer or stratum germinativum

Question 14

Dermal papillae

Answer 14

peg-like projections indenting the overlying epidermis

Question 15

Cleavage (tension) lines

Answer 15

separations or less dense regions between bundles, tend to run

Question 16

Langer’s lines

Answer 16

important in surgery (want incisions parallel)

Question 17

Flexure lines

Answer 17

dermal folds that occur at or near joints where dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures

Question 18

Melanin in albinos

Answer 18

missing

Question 19

Shaft

Answer 19

portion in which keratinization is complete and projects from the skin and extends about halfway down portion of hair embedded in skin

Question 20

Root

Answer 20

area where keratinization is still ongoing

Question 21

Medulla

Answer 21

central core consisting of large cells and air spaces, only part of hair that contains soft keratin

Question 22

Cortex

Answer 22

bulky layer around medulla, consists of several layers of flattened cells

Question 23

Cuticle

Answer 23

single layer of cells overlapping each other like shingles on a roof, provides strength and keeps inner layers tightly compacted

Question 24

Papilla of hair follicle

Answer 24

nipple-like bit of dermal tissue protruding into build and supplies nutrients and signals hair to grow

Question 25

Wall of hair follicle

Answer 25

outer peripheral connective tissue sheath derived from dermis, thickened basal lamina, inner epithelial root sheath

Question 26

Hair matrix

Answer 26

actively dividing area of hair bulb

Question 27

Hair bulge

Answer 27

located a fraction of a mm above the hair bulb

Question 28

Arrector pili

Answer 28

bundle of smooth muscle cells that pulls hair follicle upright and dimples the skin in response to cold temperatures or fright

Question 29

Nails contain

Answer 29

hard keratin

Question 30

Free edge

Answer 30

nail tip

Question 31

Nail plate or body

Answer 31

visible attache portion

Question 32

Proximal root

Answer 32

embedded in skin

Question 33

Nail bed

Answer 33

extension of deeper layers of epidermis

Question 34

Nail matrix

Answer 34

responsible for nail growth

Question 35

Sweat

Answer 35

hypotonic filtrate from blood released by exocytosis to prevent overheating

Question 36

Dermicidin

Answer 36

microbe-killing peptide

Question 37

pH of sweat

Answer 37

between 4 to 6

Question 38

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Answer 38

hormonally activated (esp. as teenagers)

Question 39

Function of sebum

Answer 39

softens and lubricates skin and hair, prevents moisture loss, bacterial action

Question 40

Dendritic cells of the epidermis

Answer 40

active elements of the immune system and play the role of antigens

Question 41

Macrophages in dermis

Answer 41

second line of defense and dispose of viruses and bacteria that penetrate the epidermis

Question 42

DNA

Answer 42

absorbs UV radiation and transfers it to atomic nuclei

Question 43

insensible perspiration

Answer 43

don't notice this routine sweating