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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

superficial fascia

A

superficial to the tough connective tissue wrapping the skeletal muscle (called fascia)

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2
Q

Epidermis layers from superficial to deep

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucid, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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3
Q

Epidermis layers from deep to superficial

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucid, stratum corneum

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4
Q

Keratinocytes

A

produce keratin

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5
Q

Four distinct cell types

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, tactile cells

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6
Q

Dendritic cells

A

star-shaped macrophages = phagocytic

AKA: Langerhans cells

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7
Q

Tactile cells function

A

sensory receptor for touch

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8
Q

Stratum corneum

A

AKA: horny layer

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9
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

clear layer

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10
Q

Tonofilaments

A

are keratin intermediate filaments that makes up tonofibrils in the epithelial tissue

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11
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

granular layer

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12
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

prickly layer

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13
Q

Stratum basale

A

basal layer or stratum germinativum

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14
Q

Dermal papillae

A

peg-like projections indenting the overlying epidermis

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15
Q

Cleavage (tension) lines

A

separations or less dense regions between bundles, tend to run

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16
Q

Langer’s lines

A

important in surgery (want incisions parallel)

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17
Q

Flexure lines

A

dermal folds that occur at or near joints where dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures

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18
Q

Melanin in albinos

A

missing

19
Q

Shaft

A

portion in which keratinization is complete and projects from the skin and extends about halfway down portion of hair embedded in skin

20
Q

Root

A

area where keratinization is still ongoing

21
Q

Medulla

A

central core consisting of large cells and air spaces, only part of hair that contains soft keratin

22
Q

Cortex

A

bulky layer around medulla, consists of several layers of flattened cells

23
Q

Cuticle

A

single layer of cells overlapping each other like shingles on a roof, provides strength and keeps inner layers tightly compacted

24
Q

Papilla of hair follicle

A

nipple-like bit of dermal tissue protruding into build and supplies nutrients and signals hair to grow

25
Q

Wall of hair follicle

A

outer peripheral connective tissue sheath derived from dermis, thickened basal lamina, inner epithelial root sheath

26
Q

Hair matrix

A

actively dividing area of hair bulb

27
Q

Hair bulge

A

located a fraction of a mm above the hair bulb

28
Q

Arrector pili

A

bundle of smooth muscle cells that pulls hair follicle upright and dimples the skin in response to cold temperatures or fright

29
Q

Nails contain

A

hard keratin

30
Q

Free edge

A

nail tip

31
Q

Nail plate or body

A

visible attache portion

32
Q

Proximal root

A

embedded in skin

33
Q

Nail bed

A

extension of deeper layers of epidermis

34
Q

Nail matrix

A

responsible for nail growth

35
Q

Sweat

A

hypotonic filtrate from blood released by exocytosis to prevent overheating

36
Q

Dermicidin

A

microbe-killing peptide

37
Q

pH of sweat

A

between 4 to 6

38
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands

A

hormonally activated (esp. as teenagers)

39
Q

Function of sebum

A

softens and lubricates skin and hair, prevents moisture loss, bacterial action

40
Q

Dendritic cells of the epidermis

A

active elements of the immune system and play the role of antigens

41
Q

Macrophages in dermis

A

second line of defense and dispose of viruses and bacteria that penetrate the epidermis

42
Q

DNA

A

absorbs UV radiation and transfers it to atomic nuclei

43
Q

insensible perspiration

A

don’t notice this routine sweating

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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