Chapter 5.1 Flashcards
Consciousness
-our awareness of internal and external stimuli
-our subjective awareness of the world
Circadian Rhythm
-cyclical changes that occur on a 24-hour basis
-hormone release
-brain waves
-body temperature
-drowsiness
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
-biological clock
-in the hypothalamus
-controls our level of alertness
-signals pineal gland to release melatonin
Average Amount of Sleep Needed/Day
-7-10 hours
-infants need 16h
Sleep Deprivation
-missing a period or restful sleep
-over one or more days
Sleep Debt
-accumulated sleep loss over multiple days
Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
-darting of the eyes underneath closed eyelids during sleep
non-REM Sleep
-stages 1-4 when rapid eye movements do not occur
-dreaming is less vivid and frequent
Before Sleep
-you are active then get drowsy
Beta waves
-brain waves
-12-13 cycles/second
-awake and alert
Alpha Waves
-brain waves
-8-12 cycles/sec
-relaxed and drowsy
Stage 1: Light Sleep
-lasts only 5-10 mins
-changes from alpha/beta waves to THETA waves
-myoclonic jerks and hypnagogic imagery
-confused state of mind
Theta Waves
-slow brain waves
-4-7 cycles/sec
Hypnagogic Imagery
-scrambled, bizarre, dream-like images
-in and out of consciousness
Myoclonic Jerks
-sudden jerky movements
-startled or falling limbs
Stage 2 Sleep
-lasts 10-25 mins
-brain waves slow down even more
-sleep spindles
-K-complexes
-heart rate slows
-body temp. decreases
-muscles relax
-eye movements cease
Sleep Spindles
-sudden intense electrical activity bursts
-12-14 cycles/sec
K-complexes
-sharply rising and falling waves
Stage 3 and 4 Sleep
-10-30 mins
-slow wave sleep - delta waves
-important stages in feeling rested
-Stage 3 - 20-50% delta
-Stage 4 - 50%+ delta
Delta Waves
-slow waves
-0.5-2 cycles/sec
Effect of Alcohol
-suppresses delta sleep
Stage 5: REM sleep
-brain is most active
-vivid dreaming
-20-25% of our nights sleep
-increased heart rate and blood pressure
-body is paralyzed
Dreaming
-in both REM and NREM, more in REM
Order of Sleep Cycle
-1,2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, REM, 1, 2…
Lucid Dreaming
-experience of becoming aware you are dreaming when asleep
Insomnia
-difficulty falling and staying asleep
-may wake too early in morning or during the night
-night routine can help fix
-treatment: sleeping pills or psychotherapy
Narcolepsy
-rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep
-may be: genetic, brain damage, lack of orexin hormone
-treated by: modafinil, orexin replacement
Sleep Apnea
-blockage of airway during sleep
-results in daytime fatigue
-treatment: weight loss, tonsil removal, CPAP machine
Night Terrors
-sudden waking episodes
-screaming, sweating, confusion
-return to deep sleep prior to
-occurs in many children
Sleepwalking
-walking while fully asleep
-sleep deprived people more likely to sleepwalk
Dreams
-help process emotional memories
-integrate new experiences
-learning
-simulating threats to better cope in real life
-consolidate memories
Freud’s Dream Protection Theory
-dreams are the guardians of sleep
-normally controlled impulses come to the surface and can disturb sleep
-dream work disguises impulses and transforms then into wish fulfillment symbols
Manifest Content
-the things we experience in dreams
-Freud
Latent Content
-the hidden meaning behind our dreams
-Freud
Activation Synthesis Theory
-dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons
-forebrain attempts to weave into a story
-dreams attempt to make sense of random signals during REM
Neurocognitive Theory
-dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities
-these shape what we dream about
Dream Continuity Hypothesis
-there is continuity between sleeping and waking experiences
-dreams mirror life circumstances
Forebrain and Dreaming
-a theory in dreaming
-doesn’t answer the “why?”
