Chapter 3.2 Flashcards
Central Nervous System
-part of the nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord
-controls the mind and behaviour
Peripheral Nervous System
-nerves in the body that extend outside the CNS
-further subdivided into the somatic nervous system (voluntary behaviour) and autonomic nervous system (involuntary behaviour
Spinal Cord
-thick bundle of nerves that convey signals between brain and body
-protected by vertebrae
Spinal Reflexes
-simple stimulus responses, triggered without brain involvement
Pathway of Sensory Perception
- Skin receptors sense stimulus
- sensory neurons bring info to the CNS
- interneurons relay a response
- motor neurons deliver information to the effector
- Effector, muscle pulls finger away
Brain
-made of protein, fat, and fluid
-takes of lots of our energy/oxygen demands
-complex structure that runs the entire body
Cerebral Ventricles
-pockets in the brain that contain CSF
-provide the brain with nutrients
-cushion against injury
Cerebral Cortex
-outermost part of the forebrain
-responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions
-reasoning and language
Forebrain/Cerebrum
-forward part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities
-cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
Cerebral Hemispheres
-2 halves of the cerebrum
-distinct yet highly integrated functions
Corpus Callosum
-large band of fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Left Hemisphere
-fine tuned language skills (speech, reading, writing, comprehension)
-facial expressions
-motor detection
Right Hemisphere
-coarse language skills (simple speech and writing, tone of voice)
-visuospatial skills (perception)
Frontal Lobe
-forward part of the cerebral cortex
-motor function
-organization of other brain function
-language
-memory
Motor Cortex
-part of the frontal lobe responsible for body movement
Parietal Lobe
-touch
-temperature
-pain
-integrates vision
Temporal Lobe
-auditory processing
Occipital Lobe
-visual processing
Basal Ganglia
-collections of neurons
-crucial to motor function/planning
-damage = tremors/involuntary movement
Limbic System
-important in emotion, memory, learning
-amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus
Amygdala
-regulates arousal and fear
Hippocampus
-processes memory for spatial locations
Thalamus
-conveys sensory info to cortex
Hypothalamus
-endocrine and autonomic nervous system
Midbrain
-tracks visual stimuli and reflexes triggered by sound
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
-important area of the midbrain
-essential for conscious awareness, control over ourselves
-regulates sleep, wakefulness, attention
Medulla
-regulates breathing and heartbeats
Pons
-conveys info between cortex and cerebellum
Cerebellum
-controls balance and coordinated movement
Prefrontal Cortex
-part of the frontal lobe
-thinking, planning, language
-behaviour and personality
Broca’s Area
-language area
-speech production
-within prefrontal cortex
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
-sensation in skin, muscles, joints
Visual Association Cortex
-forms images
Primary Visual Cortex
-receives nerve impulses from visual thalamus
Primary Auditory Cortex
-sound quality such as pitch and volume
Auditory Association Area
-allows recognition of words and melodies
Wernicke’s Area
-part of the temporal lobe
-understanding speech and written language
Brain Stem
-between spinal cord and cerebrum
-contains midbrain, pons, medulla
Hindbrain
-region below the midbrain that contains cerebellum, pons, medulla
Interneuron
-sends messages to other neurons nearby
Reflec
-automatic motor response to sensory stimulus
Somatic Nervous System
-conveys info between CNS and body
-voluntary movement
-coordinates our reaction to experiences in the outside world
Autonomic Nervous System
-controls involuntary action
-internal organs and glands
-plays role in emotions
Sympathetic Nervous System
-division of ANS
-fight or flight
-activates function
Parasympathetic Nervous System
-division of ANS
-rest and digest
-inhibits functions
Homeostasis
-self regulating process
-adjusts internal conditions in response to environmental changes
